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Proprietary hardware is computer hardware whose interface is controlled by the proprietor, often under patent or trade-secret protection. [1] Historically, most early computer hardware was designed as proprietary until the 1980s, when IBM PC changed this paradigm.
Proprietary software is a subset of non-free software, a term defined in contrast to free and open-source software; non-commercial licenses such as CC BY-NC are not deemed proprietary, but are non-free.
For example, the 1961 Semiconductor Network Computer (Molecular Electronic Computer, Mol-E-Com), [7] [8] [9] the first monolithic integrated circuit [10] [11] [12] general purpose computer (built for demonstration purposes, programmed to simulate a desk calculator) was built by Texas Instruments for the US Air Force.
Quantum System One, a quantum computer by IBM from 2019 with 20 superconducting qubits [1] A quantum computer is a computer that exploits quantum mechanical phenomena. On small scales, physical matter exhibits properties of both particles and waves, and quantum computing leverages this behavior using specialized hardware.
The Antikythera mechanism (/ ˌ æ n t ɪ k ɪ ˈ θ ɪər ə / AN-tik-ih-THEER-ə, US also / ˌ æ n t aɪ k ɪ ˈ-/ AN-ty-kih-) [1] [2] is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (model of the Solar System), described as [weasel words] the oldest known example of an analogue computer [3] [4] [5] used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.
Information technology law (IT law), also known as information, communication and technology law (ICT law) or cyberlaw, concerns the juridical regulation of information technology, its possibilities and the consequences of its use, including computing, software coding, artificial intelligence, the internet and virtual worlds.
Hardware-based encryption is the use of computer hardware to assist software, or sometimes replace software, in the process of data encryption. Typically, this is implemented as part of the processor 's instruction set.
However, being so secret, it had little direct influence on the development of later computers; it was EDVAC that was the seminal computer architecture of the time. [75] In 1972, Herman Goldstine , who was unaware of Colossus and its legacy to the projects of people such as Alan Turing ( ACE ), Max Newman ( Manchester computers ) and Harry ...