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Miscarriage, also known in medical terms as a spontaneous abortion, is the death and expulsion of an embryo or fetus before it can survive independently. [ 1][ 4] The term miscarriage is sometimes used to refer to all forms of pregnancy loss and pregnancy with abortive outcomes before 20 weeks of gestation.
Abortion is the termination of a pregnancy by removal or expulsion of an embryo or fetus. [ nb 1] An abortion that occurs without intervention is known as a miscarriage or "spontaneous abortion"; these occur in approximately 30% to 40% of all pregnancies. [ 2][ 3] When deliberate steps are taken to end a pregnancy, it is called an induced ...
Pregnancy with abortive outcome is a medical diagnosis and treatment category. According to the U.S. National Library of Medicine, pregnancy with abortive outcome is defined as "unintentional or intentional loss of a pregnancy before 22 weeks gestation." Conditions and circumstances within this category include: Ectopic pregnancy
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. [ 2] It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy. [ 2] Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure. [ 1] Complications for the mother can include disseminated ...
Types 3 and 4 are referred to as major placental praevia due to the risk of heavy haemorrhaging in the case of a rupture due to the location of placental attachment. [7] During the third trimester of pregnancy, thinning of the lower uterine segment or contractions caused by cervical dilation can increase the amount of stress placed on the ...
Recurrent miscarriage. Recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL) is the spontaneous loss of 2-3 pregnancies that is estimated to affect up to 5% of women. The exact number of pregnancy losses and gestational weeks used to define RPL differs among medical societies. [ 1] In the majority of cases, the exact cause of pregnancy loss ...
Anemia prevalences during pregnancy differed from 18% in developed countries to 75% in South Asia; culminating to a global rate of 38% of pregnancies worldwide. [32] [5] [33] Treatment varies due to the severity of the anaemia, and can be used by increasing iron containing foods, oral iron tablets or by the use of parenteral iron. [13]
Fetal distress, also known as non-reassuring fetal status, is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows signs of inadequate oxygenation. [ 1] Due to its imprecision, the term "fetal distress" has fallen out of use in American obstetrics. [ 2][ 1][ 3] The term "non-reassuring fetal status" has largely replaced it. [ 4]