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Differential coding. In digital communications, differential coding is a technique used to provide unambiguous signal reception when using some types of modulation. It makes transmissible data dependent on both the current and previous signal (or symbol) states. The common types of modulation that may be used with differential coding include ...
In the process of encoding, the sender (i.e. encoder) uses verbal (e.g. words, signs, images, video) and non-verbal (e.g. body language, hand gestures, face expressions) symbols for which he or she believes the receiver (that is, the decoder) will understand. The symbols can be words and numbers, images, face expressions, signals and/or actions.
An encoder (or "simple encoder") in digital electronics is a one-hot to binary converter. That is, if there are 2 n input lines, and at most only one of them will ever be high, the binary code of this 'hot' line is produced on the n -bit output lines. A binary encoder is the dual of a binary decoder . If the input circuit can guarantee at most ...
In the case of absolute encoders, the indicated position may be far away from the actual position and, in the case of incremental encoders, this can corrupt position tracking. In contrast, the Gray code used by position encoders ensures that the codes for any two consecutive positions will differ by only one bit and, consequently, only one bit ...
Character encoding is the process of assigning numbers to graphical characters, especially the written characters of human language, allowing them to be stored, transmitted, and transformed using digital computers. [1] The numerical values that make up a character encoding are known as "code points" and collectively comprise a "code space", a ...
Comparison of video codecs. Α video codec is software or a device that provides encoding and decoding for digital video, and which may or may not include the use of video compression and/or decompression. Most codecs are typically implementations of video coding formats . The compression may employ lossy data compression, so that quality ...
In digital circuit design, register-transfer level ( RTL) is a design abstraction which models a synchronous digital circuit in terms of the flow of digital signals ( data) between hardware registers, and the logical operations performed on those signals. Register-transfer-level abstraction is used in hardware description languages (HDLs) like ...
The key innovation of turbo codes is how they use the likelihood data to reconcile differences between the two decoders. Each of the two convolutional decoders generates a hypothesis (with derived likelihoods) for the pattern of m bits in the payload sub-block. The hypothesis bit-patterns are compared, and if they differ, the decoders exchange ...