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Central hypoventilation syndrome. Central hypoventilation syndrome ( CHS) is a sleep-related breathing disorder that causes ineffective breathing, apnea, or respiratory arrest during sleep (and during wakefulness in severe cases). CHS can either be congenital (CCHS) or acquired (ACHS) later in life. The condition can be fatal if untreated.
Idiopathic hypersomnia may also be referred to as IH, IHS, or primary hypersomnia [7] and belongs to a group of sleeping disorders known as central hypersomnias, central disorders of hypersomnolence, or hypersomnia of brain origin. [8] Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) defines idiopathic hypersomnia as EDS without narcolepsy or the associated ...
Non-24-hour sleep–wake disorder ( non-24 [1] or N24SWD [2]) is one of several chronic circadian rhythm sleep disorders (CRSDs). It is defined as a "chronic steady pattern comprising [...] daily delays in sleep onset and wake times in an individual living in a society". [3] Symptoms result when the non-entrained ( free-running) endogenous circadian rhythm drifts out of alignment with the ...
Rhythmic movement disorder ( RMD) is a neurological disorder characterized by repetitive movements of large muscle groups immediately before and during sleep often involving the head and neck. It was independently described first in 1905 by Zappert as jactatio capitis nocturna and by Cruchet as rhythmie du sommeil. [1] The majority of RMD episodes occur during NREM sleep, although REM ...
Hypersomnia is a neurological disorder of excessive time spent sleeping or excessive sleepiness. It can have many possible causes (such as seasonal affective disorder) and can cause distress and problems with functioning. [1] In the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM-5 ), hypersomnolence, of which there are several subtypes, appears under sleep ...
Delayed sleep phase disorder ( DSPD ), more often known as delayed sleep phase syndrome and also as delayed sleep–wake phase disorder, is the delaying of a person's circadian rhythm (biological clock) compared to those of societal norms. The disorder affects the timing of biological rhythms including sleep, peak period of alertness, core body temperature, and hormonal cycles .
Treatments range from behavioral therapy, such as bedwetting alarms, to medication, [8] [9] such as hormone replacement, and even surgery such as urethral dilatation. Since most bedwetting is simply a developmental delay, most treatment plans aim to protect or improve self-esteem. [6] Treatment guidelines recommend that the physician counsel the parents, [10] warning about psychological ...
Narcolepsy is a chronic neurological disorder that impairs the ability to regulate sleep–wake cycles, and specifically impacts REM (rapid eye movement) sleep. [1] The pentad symptoms of narcolepsy include excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS), sleep related hallucinations, sleep paralysis, disturbed nocturnal sleep (DNS) and cataplexy. [1] There are two recognized forms of narcolepsy ...