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  2. Loss leader - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loss_leader

    Loss leader. A loss leader (also leader) [1] is a pricing strategy where a product is sold at a price below its market cost [2] to stimulate other sales of more profitable goods or services. With this sales promotion / marketing strategy, a "leader" is any popular article, i.e., sold at a low price to attract customers. [3]

  3. Pricing strategies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing_strategies

    Absorption pricing. This pricing method aims to recover all the costs of producing a product. The price of a product includes the variable cost of each item plus a proportionate amount of the fixed costs: Unit Variable Costs + (Overhead + Managing Costs) ÷ Number of units produced = Absorption Price. Fixed or variable costs, direct or indirect ...

  4. Stackelberg competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stackelberg_competition

    Stackelberg competition. The Stackelberg leadership model is a strategic game in economics in which the leader firm moves first and then the follower firms move sequentially (hence, it is sometimes described as the "leader-follower game"). It is named after the German economist Heinrich Freiherr von Stackelberg who published Marktform und ...

  5. Porter's generic strategies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter's_generic_strategies

    e. Porter's generic strategies describe how a company pursues competitive advantage across its chosen market scope. There are three/four generic strategies, either lower cost, differentiated, or focus. A company chooses to pursue one of two types of competitive advantage, either via lower costs than its competition or by differentiating itself ...

  6. Pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pricing

    Pricing is the process whereby a business sets the price at which it will sell its products and services, and may be part of the business's marketing plan. In setting prices, the business will take into account the price at which it could acquire the goods, the manufacturing cost, the marketplace, competition, market condition, brand, and ...

  7. Cost-plus pricing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost-plus_pricing

    Cost-plus pricing is a pricing strategy by which the selling price of a product is determined by adding a specific fixed percentage (a "markup") to the product's unit cost. Essentially, the markup percentage is a method of generating a particular desired rate of return. [ 1][ 2] An alternative pricing method is value-based pricing.

  8. Bertrand competition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertrand_competition

    Bertrand competition is a model of competition used in economics, named after Joseph Louis François Bertrand (1822–1900). It describes interactions among firms (sellers) that set prices and their customers (buyers) that choose quantities at the prices set. The model was formulated in 1883 by Bertrand in a review of Antoine Augustin Cournot ...

  9. Cost leadership - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cost_leadership

    In business strategy, cost leadership is establishing a competitive advantage by having the lowest cost of operation in the industry. [ 1] Cost leadership is often driven by company efficiency, size, scale, scope and cumulative experience ( learning curve ). A cost leadership strategy aims to exploit scale of production, well-defined scope and ...