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An illustration of some of the optical devices available for laboratory work in England in 1858. An optical instrument is a device that processes light waves (or photons ), either to enhance an image for viewing or to analyze and determine their characteristic properties. Common examples include periscopes, microscopes, telescopes, and cameras .
Optics is the branch of physics that studies the behaviour and properties of light, including its interactions with matter and the construction of instruments that use or detect it. [ 1] Optics usually describes the behaviour of visible, ultraviolet, and infrared light. Light is a type of electromagnetic radiation, and other forms of ...
History of optics. Modern ophthalmic lens making machine. Optics began with the development of lenses by the ancient Egyptians and Mesopotamians, followed by theories on light and vision developed by ancient Greek philosophers, and the development of geometrical optics in the Greco-Roman world. The word optics is derived from the Greek term ...
Theodolite. A direct-readout theodolite, manufactured in the Soviet Union in 1958 and used for topographic surveying. A theodolite ( / θiˈɒdəˌlaɪt /) [ 1] is a precision optical instrument for measuring angles between designated visible points in the horizontal and vertical planes. The traditional use has been for land surveying, but it ...
A telescope is a device used to observe distant objects by their emission, absorption, or reflection of electromagnetic radiation. [ 1] Originally, it was an optical instrument using lenses, curved mirrors, or a combination of both to observe distant objects – an optical telescope. Nowadays, the word "telescope" is defined as a wide range of ...
Level (optical instrument) A level is an optical instrument used to establish or verify points in the same horizontal plane in a process known as levelling. It is used in conjunction with a levelling staff to establish the relative height or levels (the vertical separation) of objects or marks. It is widely used in surveying and construction to ...
Kaleidoscope. A kaleidoscope ( / kəˈlaɪdəskoʊp /) is an optical instrument with two or more reflecting surfaces (or mirrors) tilted to each other at an angle, so that one or more (parts of) objects on one end of these mirrors are shown as a regular symmetrical pattern when viewed from the other end, due to repeated reflection.
An optical spectrometer ( spectrophotometer, spectrograph or spectroscope) is an instrument used to measure properties of light over a specific portion of the electromagnetic spectrum, typically used in spectroscopic analysis to identify materials. [ 1] The variable measured is most often the irradiance of the light but could also, for instance ...
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