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Pediatrics. Small for gestational age ( SGA) newborns are those who are smaller in size than normal for the gestational age. SGA is most commonly defined as a weight below the 10th percentile for the gestational age. [ 1] SGA predicts susceptibility to hypoglycemia, hypothermia, and polycythemia. [ 2] By definition, at least 10% of all newborns ...
Placental abruption is when the placenta separates early from the uterus, in other words separates before childbirth. [ 2] It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy. [ 2] Symptoms may include vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure. [ 1] Complications for the mother can include disseminated ...
Preterm birth, also known as premature birth, is the birth of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age, as opposed to full-term delivery at approximately 40 weeks. [ 1] Extreme preterm [ 2] is less than 28 weeks, very early preterm birth is between 28 and 32 weeks, early preterm birth occurs between 32 and 34 weeks, late preterm birth is ...
Frequency. ~8% of term pregnancies, [ 2] ~30% of preterm pregnancies [ 4] Prelabor rupture of membranes ( PROM ), previously known as premature rupture of membranes, is breakage of the amniotic sac before the onset of labour. [ 2] Women usually experience a painless gush or a steady leakage of fluid from the vagina. [ 1]
Obstetrics, pediatrics. Large for gestational age ( LGA) is a term used to describe infants that are born with an abnormally high weight, specifically in the 90th percentile or above, compared to other babies of the same developmental age. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Macrosomia is a similar term that describes excessive birth weight, but refers to an absolute ...
Oligohydramnios. Specialty. Obstetrics. Oligohydramnios is a medical condition in pregnancy characterized by a deficiency of amniotic fluid, the fluid that surrounds the fetus in the abdomen, in the amniotic sac. The limiting case is anhydramnios, where there is a complete absence of amniotic fluid. It is typically diagnosed by ultrasound when ...
Recurrent miscarriage. Recurrent miscarriage or recurrent pregnancy loss ( RPL) is the spontaneous loss of 2-3 pregnancies that is estimated to affect up to 5% of women. The exact number of pregnancy losses and gestational weeks used to define RPL differs among medical societies. [ 1] In the majority of cases, the exact cause of pregnancy loss ...
Gravidity and parity. In biology and medicine, gravidity and parity are the number of times a female has been pregnant (gravidity) and carried the pregnancies to a viable gestational age (parity). [ 1][ 2] These two terms are usually coupled, sometimes with additional terms, to indicate more details of the female's obstetric history. [ 3]