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Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, [ 1] is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or ...
Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come ...
Heuristic (psychology) Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [ 1][ 2][ 3] organizations, [ 4] and even machines [ 5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find ...
In psychology, centration is the tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects. [1] Introduced by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget through his cognitive-developmental stage theory , centration is a behaviour often demonstrated in the preoperational stage. [ 2 ]
A loss of $0.05 is perceived with a much greater utility loss than the utility increase of a comparable gain. Loss aversion is a psychological and economic concept, [ 1] which refers to how outcomes are interpreted as gains and losses where losses are subject to more sensitivity in people's responses compared to equivalent gains acquired. [ 2]
Meaning-making. In psychology, meaning-making is the process of how people construe, understand, or make sense of life events, relationships, and the self. [ 1] The term is widely used in constructivist approaches to counseling psychology and psychotherapy, [ 2] especially during bereavement in which people attribute some sort of meaning to an ...
Psychology. Object permanence is the understanding that whether an object can be sensed has no effect on whether it continues to exist (in the mind). This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and mental capacities.
Play (activity) Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreational pleasure and enjoyment. [ 1] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .