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Magical thinking, or superstitious thinking, [ 1] is the belief that unrelated events are causally connected despite the absence of any plausible causal link between them, particularly as a result of supernatural effects. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Examples include the idea that personal thoughts can influence the external world without acting on them, or ...
Jean Piaget in Ann Arbor. Piaget's theory of cognitive development, or his genetic epistemology, is a comprehensive theory about the nature and development of human intelligence. It was originated by the Swiss developmental psychologist Jean Piaget (1896–1980). The theory deals with the nature of knowledge itself and how humans gradually come ...
Heuristic (psychology) Heuristics (from Ancient Greek εὑρίσκω, heurískō, "I find, discover") is the process by which humans use mental shortcuts to arrive at decisions. Heuristics are simple strategies that humans, animals, [ 1][ 2][ 3] organizations, [ 4] and even machines [ 5] use to quickly form judgments, make decisions, and find ...
Play (activity) Play is a range of intrinsically motivated activities done for recreational pleasure and enjoyment. [ 1] Play is commonly associated with children and juvenile-level activities, but may be engaged in at any life stage, and among other higher-functioning animals as well, most notably mammals and birds .
Parten recognized six different types of play: Unoccupied (play) – when the child is not playing, just observing. A child may be standing in one spot or performing random movements. [ 2] Solitary (independent) play – when the child is alone and maintains focus on its activity. Such a child is uninterested in or is unaware of what others are ...
In psychology, centration is the tendency to focus on one salient aspect of a situation and neglect other, possibly relevant aspects. [1] Introduced by the Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget through his cognitive-developmental stage theory , centration is a behaviour often demonstrated in the preoperational stage. [ 2 ]
Psychology. Object permanence is the understanding that whether an object can be sensed has no effect on whether it continues to exist (in the mind). This is a fundamental concept studied in the field of developmental psychology, the subfield of psychology that addresses the development of young children's social and mental capacities.
Parallel play is the first of three stages of play observed in young children. The other two stages include simple social play (playing and sharing together), and finally cooperative play (different complementary roles; shared purpose). The research by Parten indicated that preschool children prefer groups of two, parallel play was less likely ...