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In statistics, the k-nearest neighbors algorithm(k-NN) is a non-parametricsupervised learningmethod first developed by Evelyn Fixand Joseph Hodgesin 1951,[1]and later expanded by Thomas Cover.[2] It is used for classificationand regression. In both cases, the input consists of the kclosest training examples in a data set.
The main advantage gained in employing a lazy learning method is that the target function will be approximated locally, such as in the k-nearest neighbor algorithm. Because the target function is approximated locally for each query to the system, lazy learning systems can simultaneously solve multiple problems and deal successfully with changes ...
Bias and variance as function of model complexity. In statistics and machine learning, the bias–variance tradeoff describes the relationship between a model's complexity, the accuracy of its predictions, and how well it can make predictions on previously unseen data that were not used to train the model. In general, as we increase the number ...
Structured kNN. Structured k-Nearest Neighbours [1] [2] [3] is a machine learning algorithm that generalizes the k-Nearest Neighbors (kNN) classifier. Whereas the kNN classifier supports binary classification, multiclass classification and regression, [4] the Structured kNN (SkNN) allows training of a classifier for general structured output ...
Nearest neighbor search. Nearest neighbor search ( NNS ), as a form of proximity search, is the optimization problem of finding the point in a given set that is closest (or most similar) to a given point. Closeness is typically expressed in terms of a dissimilarity function: the less similar the objects, the larger the function values.
A convolutional neural network ( CNN) is a regularized type of feed-forward neural network that learns features by itself via filter (or kernel) optimization. Vanishing gradients and exploding gradients, seen during backpropagation in earlier neural networks, are prevented by using regularized weights over fewer connections.
Instance-based learning. In machine learning, instance-based learning (sometimes called memory-based learning[ 1]) is a family of learning algorithms that, instead of performing explicit generalization, compare new problem instances with instances seen in training, which have been stored in memory. Because computation is postponed until a new ...
Similarity learning. Similarity learning is an area of supervised machine learning in artificial intelligence. It is closely related to regression and classification, but the goal is to learn a similarity function that measures how similar or related two objects are. It has applications in ranking, in recommendation systems, visual identity ...