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A numeric character reference ( NCR) is a common markup construct used in SGML and SGML-derived markup languages such as HTML and XML. It consists of a short sequence of characters that, in turn, represents a single character. Since WebSgml, XML and HTML 4, the code points of the Universal Character Set (UCS) of Unicode are used.
In SGML, HTML and XML documents, the logical constructs known as character data and attribute values consist of sequences of characters, in which each character can manifest directly (representing itself), or can be represented by a series of characters called a character reference, of which there are two types: a numeric character reference and a character entity reference.
Only a few higher-numbered codes can be created using entity names, but all can be created by decimal number character reference. Character entity references can also have the format &name; where name is a case-sensitive alphanumeric string. For example, "λ" can also be encoded as λ in an HTML document.
It takes plenty of thought, awareness, and a bit of storytelling ability to get it just right. A character reference letter should not just highlight what type of a person the applicant is, but ...
An HTML numeric character reference is of the form &#D; or &#xH;; D and H are the character’s Unicode code point in decimal and hexadecimal. For example, either — or — can be entered to give U+2014, em dash (—). Because a character’s Unicode code point is usually given in hexadecimal with a prefixed “U+”, the hexadecimal ...
The format is the same as for any entity reference: &name; where name is the case-sensitive name of the entity. The semicolon is required. Because numbers are harder for humans to remember than names, character entity references are most often written by humans, while numeric character references are most often produced by computer programs. [1]
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