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Vulnerabilities are flaws in a computer system that weaken the overall security of the system. Despite intentions to achieve complete correctness, virtually all hardware and software contains bugs where the system does not behave as expected. If the bug could enable an attacker to compromise the confidentiality, integrity, or availability of ...
The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures ( CVE) system provides a reference method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures. [1] The United States' National Cybersecurity FFRDC, operated by The MITRE Corporation, maintains the system, with funding from the US National Cyber Security Division of the US Department of ...
Exploit (computer security) An exploit (from the English verb to exploit, meaning "to use something to one’s own advantage") is a piece of software, a chunk of data, or a sequence of commands that takes advantage of a bug or vulnerability to cause unintended or unanticipated behavior to occur on computer software, hardware, or something ...
An example of a physical security measure: a metal lock on the back of a personal computer to prevent hardware tampering. Computer security, cybersecurity, digital security, or information technology security (IT security) is the protection of computer systems and networks from attacks by malicious actors that may result in unauthorized information disclosure, theft of, or damage to hardware ...
Zero-day vulnerability. A zero-day (also known as a 0-day) is a vulnerability in software or hardware that is typically unknown to the vendor and for which no patch or other fix is available. The vendor has zero days to prepare a patch as the vulnerability has already been described or exploited. Despite developers' goal of delivering a product ...
Penetration test. A penetration test, colloquially known as a pentest, is an authorized simulated cyberattack on a computer system, performed to evaluate the security of the system; [1] this is not to be confused with a vulnerability assessment. [2] The test is performed to identify weaknesses (or vulnerabilities ), including the potential for ...
The Common Vulnerability Scoring System ( CVSS) is a free and open industry standard for assessing the severity of computer system security vulnerabilities. CVSS attempts to assign severity scores to vulnerabilities, allowing responders to prioritize responses and resources according to threat. Scores are calculated based on a formula that ...
A threat action that causes a system component to perform a function or service that is detrimental to system security. "Tamper". In the context of misuse, deliberate alteration of a system's logic, data, or control information to cause the system to perform unauthorized functions or services. "Malicious logic".
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