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  2. Isotonic contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotonic_contraction

    Isotonic contraction. In an isotonic contraction, tension remains the same, whilst the muscle's length changes. Isotonic contractions differ from isokinetic contractions in that in isokinetic contractions the muscle speed remains constant. While superficially identical, as the muscle's force changes via the length-tension relationship during a ...

  3. Tonicity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonicity

    Tonicity. In chemical biology, tonicity is a measure of the effective osmotic pressure gradient; the water potential of two solutions separated by a partially-permeable cell membrane. Tonicity depends on the relative concentration of selective membrane-impermeable solutes across a cell membrane which determine the direction and extent of ...

  4. Fluid compartments - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid_compartments

    The human body and even its individual body fluids may be conceptually divided into various fluid compartments, which, although not literally anatomic compartments, do represent a real division in terms of how portions of the body's water, solutes, and suspended elements are segregated. The two main fluid compartments are the intracellular and ...

  5. Muscle contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_contraction

    Depiction of smooth muscle contraction. Muscle contraction is the activation of tension -generating sites within muscle cells. [1] [2] In physiology, muscle contraction does not necessarily mean muscle shortening because muscle tension can be produced without changes in muscle length, such as when holding something heavy in the same position. [1]

  6. Loop of Henle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_of_Henle

    Physiology. The descending loop of Henle receives isotonic (300 mOsm/L) fluid from the proximal convoluted tubule (PCT). The fluid is isotonic because as ions are reabsorbed by the gradient time system, water is also reabsorbed maintaining the osmolarity of the fluid in the PCT. Substances reabsorbed in the PCT include urea, water, potassium ...

  7. Tetanic contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetanic_contraction

    Isotonic contractions place muscles in a constant tension but the muscle length changes, while isometric contractions hold a constant muscle length. [ citation needed ] Voluntary sustained contraction is a normal (physiologic) process (as in the crouching or box-holding examples), but involuntary sustained contraction exists on a spectrum from ...

  8. Isotonic - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isotonic

    The term isotonic may refer to: Isotonic (exercise physiology), a type of muscle contraction. Isotonic regression, a type of numerical analysis. Isotonic, one of three types of tonicity that characterize a solution's concentration; see Tonicity#Isotonicity. A sports drink that contains similar concentrations of salt and sugar to the human body.

  9. Extracellular fluid - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular_fluid

    Extracellular fluid. The distribution of the total body water in mammals between the intracellular compartment and the extracellular compartment, which is, in turn, subdivided into interstitial fluid and smaller components, such as the blood plasma, the cerebrospinal fluid and lymph. In cell biology, extracellular fluid ( ECF) denotes all body ...

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