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Fortuna (PRNG) Fortuna is a cryptographically secure pseudorandom number generator (CS-PRNG) devised by Bruce Schneier and Niels Ferguson and published in 2003. It is named after Fortuna, the Roman goddess of chance. FreeBSD uses Fortuna for /dev/random and /dev/urandom is symbolically linked to it since FreeBSD 11. [ 1]
Common PRNG (pseudorandom number generator) — preferably cryptographically secure — in both transmitter and receiver; Transmitter sends 'next' code in sequence; Receiver compares 'next' to its calculated 'next' code. A typical implementation compares within the next 256 codes in case receiver missed some transmitted keypresses.
A nonce is an arbitrary number used only once in a cryptographic communication, in the spirit of a nonce word. They are often random or pseudo-random numbers. Many nonces also include a timestamp to ensure exact timeliness, though this requires clock synchronisation between organisations. The addition of a client nonce (" cnonce ") helps to ...
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Formally, a message authentication code (MAC) system is a triple of efficient [4] algorithms (G, S, V) satisfying: G (key-generator) gives the key k on input 1 n, where n is the security parameter. S (signing) outputs a tag t on the key k and the input string x. V (verifying) outputs accepted or rejected on inputs: the key k, the string x and ...
Wi-Fi Protected Access. Wi-Fi Protected Access ( WPA ), Wi-Fi Protected Access 2 ( WPA2 ), and Wi-Fi Protected Access 3 ( WPA3) are the three security certification programs developed after 2000 by the Wi-Fi Alliance to secure wireless computer networks. The Alliance defined these in response to serious weaknesses researchers had found in the ...
RDRAND (for "read random") is an instruction for returning random numbers from an Intel on-chip hardware random number generator which has been seeded by an on-chip entropy source. [ 1] It is also known as Intel Secure Key Technology, [ 2] codenamed Bull Mountain. [ 3] Intel introduced the feature around 2012, and AMD added support for the ...
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