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  2. English possessive - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_possessive

    The possessive form of an English noun, or more generally a noun phrase, is made by suffixing a morpheme which is represented orthographically as ' s (the letter s preceded by an apostrophe), and is pronounced in the same way as the regular English plural ending (e)s: namely, as / ɪ z / when following a sibilant sound (/ s /, / z /, / ʃ /, / ʒ /, / tʃ / or / dʒ /), as / s / when following ...

  3. Grammatical gender - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grammatical_gender

    In linguistics, a grammatical gender system is a specific form of a noun class system, where nouns are assigned to gender categories that are often not related to the real-world qualities of the entities denoted by those nouns.

  4. Comparative linguistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparative_linguistics

    Comparative linguistics is a branch of historical linguistics that is concerned with comparing languages to establish their historical relatedness.. Genetic relatedness implies a common origin or proto-language and comparative linguistics aims to construct language families, to reconstruct proto-languages and specify the changes that have resulted in the documented languages.

  5. Polarity item - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polarity_item

    In linguistics, a polarity item is a lexical item that is associated with affirmation or negation.An affirmation is a positive polarity item, abbreviated PPI or AFF.A negation is a negative polarity item, abbreviated NPI or NEG.

  6. Instrumental case - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instrumental_case

    Here, the inflection of the noun indicates its instrumental role: the nominative перо changes its ending to become пером.. Modern English expresses the instrumental meaning by use of adverbial phrases that begin with the words with, by, or using, followed by the noun indicating the instrument:

  7. Semantics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantics

    Semantics studies meaning in language, which is limited to the meaning of linguistic expressions. It concerns how signs are interpreted and what information they contain. An example is the meaning of words provided in dictionary definitions by giving synonymous expressions or paraphrases, like defining the meaning of the term ram as adult male sheep. [22]

  8. Construction grammar - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Construction_grammar

    Construction grammar (often abbreviated CxG) is a family of theories within the field of cognitive linguistics which posit that constructions, or learned pairings of linguistic patterns with meanings, are the fundamental building blocks of human language.

  9. Sign language - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sign_language

    The cognitive linguistics perspective rejects a more traditional definition of iconicity as a relationship between linguistic form and a concrete, real-world referent. Rather it is a set of selected correspondences between the form and meaning of a sign. [36]

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    related to: form and meaning in english grammar definition list