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The first public collision was published on 23 February 2017. [2] SHA-1 is prone to length extension attacks. In cryptography, SHA-1 ( Secure Hash Algorithm 1) is a hash function which takes an input and produces a 160- bit (20- byte) hash value known as a message digest – typically rendered as 40 hexadecimal digits.
In cryptography, an HMAC (sometimes expanded as either keyed-hash message authentication code or hash-based message authentication code) is a specific type of message authentication code (MAC) involving a cryptographic hash function and a secret cryptographic key. As with any MAC, it may be used to simultaneously verify both the data integrity ...
One-key MAC ( OMAC) is a family of message authentication codes constructed from a block cipher much like the CBC-MAC algorithm. It may be used to provide assurance of the authenticity and, hence, the integrity of data. Two versions are defined: The original OMAC of February 2003, which is seldom used. [1] The preferred name is now "OMAC2". [2]
The MD5 message-digest algorithm is a widely used hash function producing a 128- bit hash value. MD5 was designed by Ronald Rivest in 1991 to replace an earlier hash function MD4, [3] and was specified in 1992 as RFC 1321. MD5 can be used as a checksum to verify data integrity against unintentional corruption. Historically it was widely used as ...
The RSA SecurID authentication mechanism consists of a "token"—either hardware (e.g. a key fob) or software (a soft token )—which is assigned to a computer user and which creates an authentication code at fixed intervals (usually 60 seconds) using a built-in clock and the card's factory-encoded almost random key (known as the "seed").
The performance numbers labeled 'x86' were running using 32-bit code on 64-bit processors, whereas the 'x86-64' numbers are native 64-bit code. While SHA-256 is designed for 32-bit calculations, it does benefit from code optimized for 64-bit processors on the x86 architecture. 32-bit implementations of SHA-512 are significantly slower than ...
A brute-force attack is a cryptanalytic attack that can, in theory, be used to attempt to decrypt any encrypted data (except for data encrypted in an information-theoretically secure manner). [1] Such an attack might be used when it is not possible to take advantage of other weaknesses in an encryption system (if any exist) that would make the ...
Message authentication code. In cryptography, a message authentication code ( MAC ), sometimes known as an authentication tag, is a short piece of information used for authenticating and integrity -checking a message. In other words, to confirm that the message came from the stated sender (its authenticity) and has not been changed (its integrity).
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