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Cold working. In metallurgy, cold forming or cold working is any metalworking process in which metal is shaped below its recrystallization temperature, usually at the ambient temperature. Such processes are contrasted with hot working techniques like hot rolling, forging, welding, etc. [ 1]: p.375 The same or similar terms are used in ...
Work hardening, also known as strain hardening, is the process by which a material's load-bearing capacity (strength) increases during plastic (permanent) deformation. This characteristic is what sets ductile materials apart from brittle materials. [ 1] Work hardening may be desirable, undesirable, or inconsequential, depending on the application.
Cold-formed steel ( CFS) is the common term for steel products shaped by cold-working processes carried out near room temperature, such as rolling, pressing, stamping, bending, etc. Stock bars and sheets of cold-rolled steel ( CRS) are commonly used in all areas of manufacturing. The terms are opposed to hot-formed steel and hot-rolled steel .
Process annealing, also called intermediate annealing, subcritical annealing, or in-process annealing, is a heat treatment cycle that restores some of the ductility to a product being cold-worked so it can be cold-worked further without breaking. The temperature range for process annealing ranges from 260 °C (500 °F) to 760 °C (1400 °F ...
A cold work steel used for gauges, cutting tools, woodworking tools and knives. It can be hardened to 66 HRC, typically used at 61-63 HRC. Also sold as 1.2842 and 90MnCrV8. [9] O6: 1.45% C, 1.0% Mn, 1.0% Si, 0.3% Mo: A cold work graphitic steel with outstanding resistance to metal-to-metal sliding wear and galling.
Hardening (metallurgy) Hardening is a metallurgical metalworking process used to increase the hardness of a metal. The hardness of a metal is directly proportional to the uniaxial yield stress at the location of the imposed strain. A harder metal will have a higher resistance to plastic deformation than a less hard metal.
Shot peening is a cold working process used to produce a compressive residual stress layer and modify the mechanical properties of metals and composites. It entails striking a surface with shot (round metallic, glass, or ceramic particles) with force sufficient to create plastic deformation. [ 1][ 2] In machining, shot peening is used to ...
The following are different methods of lubrication:[1] Wet drawing: the dies and wire or rod are completely immersed in lubricants. Dry drawing: the wire or rod passes through a container of lubricant which coats the surface of the wire or rod. Metal coating: the wire or rod is coated with a soft metal which acts as a solid lubricant.