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The stretch factor of the pair is the ratio between these two distances, d(f(x),f(y))/d(x,y). The stretch factor of the whole mapping is the supremum of the stretch factors of all pairs of points. The stretch factor has also been called the distortion[disputed – discuss] or dilation of the mapping. The stretch factor is important in the ...
e. In physics and materials science, elasticity is the ability of a body to resist a distorting influence and to return to its original size and shape when that influence or force is removed. Solid objects will deform when adequate loads are applied to them; if the material is elastic, the object will return to its initial shape and size after ...
Eigenvalues and eigenvectors. In linear algebra, an eigenvector ( / ˈaɪɡən -/ EYE-gən-) or characteristic vector is a vector that has its direction unchanged by a given linear transformation. More precisely, an eigenvector of a linear transformation is scaled by a constant factor when the linear transformation is applied to it: .
In continuum mechanics, stress is a physical quantity that describes forces present during deformation. For example, an object being pulled apart, such as a stretched elastic band, is subject to tensile stress and may undergo elongation. An object being pushed together, such as a crumpled sponge, is subject to compressive stress and may undergo ...
Stroke volume. In cardiovascular physiology, stroke volume ( SV) is the volume of blood pumped from the ventricle per beat. Stroke volume is calculated using measurements of ventricle volumes from an echocardiogram and subtracting the volume of the blood in the ventricle at the end of a beat (called end-systolic volume [note 1]) from the volume ...
Preload (cardiology) Heart during ventricular diastole. In cardiac physiology, preload is the amount of sarcomere stretch experienced by cardiac muscle cells, called cardiomyocytes, at the end of ventricular filling during diastole. [1] Preload is directly related to ventricular filling.
The field of strength of materials (also called mechanics of materials) typically refers to various methods of calculating the stresses and strains in structural members, such as beams, columns, and shafts. The methods employed to predict the response of a structure under loading and its susceptibility to various failure modes takes into ...
The stiffness, of a body is a measure of the resistance offered by an elastic body to deformation. For an elastic body with a single degree of freedom (DOF) (for example, stretching or compression of a rod), the stiffness is defined as where, F {\displaystyle F} is the force on the body. δ {\displaystyle \delta }