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Solar Hijri calendar. The Solar Hijri calendar or (Iranian) Persian calendar [ a] is the official calendar of Iran and Afghanistan. It is a solar calendar and is the one Iranian calendar that is the most similar to the Gregorian calendar, it also is one of the most accurate in the world, being based on the Earth's orbit around the Sun.
The Iranian calendars or Iranian chronology ( Persian: گاهشماری ایرانی, Gâh-Şomâriye Irâni) are a succession of calendars created and used for over two millennia in Iran, also known as Persia. One of the longest chronological records in human history, the Iranian calendar has been modified many times for administrative ...
Islamic calendar stamp issued at King Khalid International Airport on 10 Rajab 1428 AH (24 July 2007 CE). The Hijri calendar (Arabic: ٱلتَّقْوِيم ٱلْهِجْرِيّ, romanized: al-taqwīm al-hijrī), or Arabic calendar also known in English as the Muslim calendar and Islamic calendar, is a lunar calendar consisting of 12 lunar months in a year of 354 or 355 days.
For Hijri years since 1297 AH (1879/1881 CE), the Gregorian date of 1 Muharram, the first day of the year in the Islamic calendar, is given. The first Hijri year (AH 1) was retrospectively considered to have begun on the Julian calendar date 15 July 622 (known as the ‘astronomical’ or ‘Thursday’ epoch, Julian day 1,948,439) or 16 July ...
The Tabular Islamic calendar ( Arabic: التقويم الهجري المجدول, romanized : altaqwim alhijriu almujadwal) is a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar. It has the same numbering of years and months, but the months are determined by arithmetical rules rather than by observation or astronomical calculations.
The Jalali calendar, also referred to as Malikshahi and Maliki, [ 1] is a solar calendar compiled during the reign of Jalaluddin Malik-Shah I, the Sultan of the Seljuk Empire (1072–1092 CE), by the order of Grand Vizier Nizam al-Mulk, using observations made in the cities of Isfahan (the capital of the Seljuks), Rey, and Nishapur.
The term Hijri calendar has more than one meaning. There are three calendars that have the Hijrah as their epoch. In most Islamic countries The Islamic calendar, the lunar Hijri calendar based on actual lunar observation. It does not take account of the seasons The Tabular Islamic calendar, a rule-based variation of the Islamic calendar. It has ...
The Hijri era is calculated according to the Islamic lunar calendar, whose epoch (first year) is the year of Muhammad's Hijrah, and begins on the first day of the month of Muharram (equivalent to the Julian calendar date of July 16, 622 CE). [2] [b] The date of the Hijrah itself did not form the Islamic New Year.