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Question answering. Question answering ( QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language. [1]
Rorschach performance assessment system (R-PAS) is a scoring method created by several members of the Rorschach Research Council. They believed that the Exner scoring system was in need of an update, but after Exner's death, the Exner family forbade any changes to be made to the Comprehensive System. [58]
A recommender system, or a recommendation system (sometimes replacing system with terms such as platform, engine, or algorithm ), is a subclass of information filtering system that provides suggestions for items that are most pertinent to a particular user. [1] [2] [3] Recommender systems are particularly useful when an individual needs to ...
Kerckhoffs viewed cryptography as a rival to, and a better alternative than, steganographic encoding, which was common in the nineteenth century for hiding the meaning of military messages. One problem with encoding schemes is that they rely on humanly-held secrets such as "dictionaries" which disclose for example, the secret meaning of words.
Misuse of statistics can produce subtle but serious errors in description and interpretation—subtle in the sense that even experienced professionals make such errors, and serious in the sense that they can lead to devastating decision errors. For instance, social policy, medical practice, and the reliability of structures like bridges all ...
Expert system. A Symbolics 3640 Lisp machine: an early (1984) platform for expert systems. In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. [ 1] Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if ...
Low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes are a class of highly efficient linear block codes made from many single parity check (SPC) codes. They can provide performance very close to the channel capacity (the theoretical maximum) using an iterated soft-decision decoding approach, at linear time complexity in terms of their block length.
In cognitive systems, accuracy and precision is used to characterize and measure results of a cognitive process performed by biological or artificial entities where a cognitive process is a transformation of data, information, knowledge, or wisdom to a higher-valued form. ( DIKW Pyramid) Sometimes, a cognitive process produces exactly the ...