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A recommender system, or a recommendation system (sometimes replacing system with terms such as platform, engine, or algorithm ), is a subclass of information filtering system that provides suggestions for items that are most pertinent to a particular user. [1] [2] [3] Recommender systems are particularly useful when an individual needs to ...
Kerckhoffs viewed cryptography as a rival to, and a better alternative than, steganographic encoding, which was common in the nineteenth century for hiding the meaning of military messages. One problem with encoding schemes is that they rely on humanly-held secrets such as "dictionaries" which disclose for example, the secret meaning of words.
Question answering. Question answering ( QA) is a computer science discipline within the fields of information retrieval and natural language processing (NLP) that is concerned with building systems that automatically answer questions that are posed by humans in a natural language. [1]
Expert system. A Symbolics 3640 Lisp machine: an early (1984) platform for expert systems. In artificial intelligence (AI), an expert system is a computer system emulating the decision-making ability of a human expert. [ 1] Expert systems are designed to solve complex problems by reasoning through bodies of knowledge, represented mainly as if ...
Management information system. A management information system (MIS) is an information system [1] used for decision-making, and for the coordination, control, analysis, and visualization of information in an organization. The study of the management information systems involves people, processes and technology in an organizational context.
Executive information system. An executive information system ( EIS ), also known as an executive support system ( ESS ), [1] is a type of management support system that facilitates and supports senior executive information and decision-making needs. It provides easy access to internal and external information relevant to organizational goals.
Organizational information theory. Organizational Information Theory ( OIT) is a communication theory, developed by Karl Weick, offering systemic insight into the processing and exchange of information within organizations and among its members. Unlike the past structure-centered theory, OIT focuses on the process of organizing in dynamic ...
An information system ( IS) is a formal, sociotechnical, organizational system designed to collect, process, store, and distribute information. [ 1] From a sociotechnical perspective, information systems comprise four components: task, people, structure (or roles), and technology. [ 2] Information systems can be defined as an integration of ...