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Common side effects include constipation and nausea. [1] When taken by mouth high blood calcium is uncommon. [1] Calcium supplements, unlike calcium from dietary sources, appear to increase the risk of kidney stones. [1] Adults generally require about a gram of calcium a day. [1] Calcium is particularly important for bones, muscles, and nerves. [1]
Calcium carbonate is the type of calcium supplement that’s most likely to cause constipation, Dr. Uradomo says. But the research on calcium and constipation is mixed, Bragagnini says. Research ...
The term "calcium-sparing diuretic" is sometimes used to identify agents that result in a relatively low rate of excretion of calcium. [5] The reduced concentration of calcium in the urine can lead to an increased rate of calcium in serum. The sparing effect on calcium can be beneficial in hypocalcemia, or unwanted in hypercalcemia. [citation ...
Vitamin D is a group of fat-soluble secosteroids responsible for increasing intestinal absorption of calcium, magnesium, and phosphate, and for many other biological effects. [ 1][ 2] In humans, the most important compounds in this group are vitamin D 3 ( cholecalciferol) and vitamin D 2 ( ergocalciferol ). [ 2][ 3] The major natural source of ...
Cyanide is a potent cytochrome c oxidase (COX, a.k.a. Complex IV) inhibitor, causing asphyxiation of cells. As such, cyanide poisoning is a form of histotoxic hypoxia, because it interferes with the ability of cells to take or use oxygen via oxidative phosphorylation. [ 25]: 1475. Specifically, cyanide binds to the heme a3-CuB binuclear center ...
Calcium is a chemical element; it has symbol Ca and atomic number 20. As an alkaline earth metal, calcium is a reactive metal that forms a dark oxide-nitride layer when exposed to air. Its physical and chemical properties are most similar to its heavier homologues strontium and barium. It is the fifth most abundant element in Earth's crust, and ...
Certain lithium compounds, also known as lithium salts, are used as psychiatric medication, [ 4] primarily for bipolar disorder and for major depressive disorder. [ 4] Lithium is taken orally (by mouth). [ 4] Common side effects include increased urination, shakiness of the hands, and increased thirst. [ 4]
Calcium propionate is used as a preservative in a wide variety of products, including: bread, other baked goods, processed meat, whey, and other dairy products. [ 2] In agriculture, it is used, amongst other things, to prevent milk fever in cows and as a feed supplement. [ 3] Propionates prevent microbes from producing the energy they need ...