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The Antikythera mechanism (/ ˌ æ n t ɪ k ɪ ˈ θ ɪər ə / AN-tik-ih-THEER-ə, US also / ˌ æ n t aɪ k ɪ ˈ-/ AN-ty-kih-) [1] [2] is an Ancient Greek hand-powered orrery (model of the Solar System), described as [weasel words] the oldest known example of an analogue computer [3] [4] [5] used to predict astronomical positions and eclipses decades in advance.
Maurice Wilkes and a team at Cambridge University executed the first stored program on the EDSAC computer, which used paper tape input–output. Based on ideas from John von Neumann about stored program computers, the EDSAC was the first complete, fully functional von Neumann architecture computer. 1949.
The first digital electronic computer was developed in the period April 1936 - June 1939, in the IBM Patent Department, Endicott, New York by Arthur Halsey Dickinson. [ 35][ 36][ 37] In this computer IBM introduced, a calculating device with a keyboard, processor and electronic output (display).
For example, the 1961 Semiconductor Network Computer (Molecular Electronic Computer, Mol-E-Com), [7] [8] [9] the first monolithic integrated circuit [10] [11] [12] general purpose computer (built for demonstration purposes, programmed to simulate a desk calculator) was built by Texas Instruments for the US Air Force.
A modern scientific calculator with an LCD. An electronic calculator is typically a portable electronic device used to perform calculations, ranging from basic arithmetic to complex mathematics . The first solid-state electronic calculator was created in the early 1960s. Pocket-sized devices became available in the 1970s, especially after the ...
ANITA Mk VIII. The ANITA Mark VII and ANITA Mark VIII calculators were launched simultaneously in late 1961 as the world's first all-electronic desktop calculators. Designed and built by the Bell Punch Co. in Britain, and marketed through its Sumlock Comptometer division, they used vacuum tubes and cold-cathode switching tubes in their logic circuits and nixie tubes for their numerical displays.
The Hewlett-Packard 9100A ( HP 9100A) is an early programmable calculator [ 3] (or computer), first appearing in 1968. HP called it a desktop calculator because, as Bill Hewlett said, "If we had called it a computer, it would have been rejected by our customers' computer gurus because it didn't look like an IBM.
The mechanical calculator industry started in 1851 Thomas de Colmar released his simplified Arithmomètre, which was the first machine that could be used daily in an office environment. For 40 years, [ 58] the arithmometer was the only mechanical calculator available for sale and was sold all over the world.