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The constant-pressure adiabatic flame temperature of such substances in air is in a relatively narrow range around 1,950 °C (2,220 K; 3,540 °F). [citation needed] This is mostly because the heat of combustion of these compounds is roughly proportional to the amount of oxygen consumed, which proportionally increases the amount of air that has ...
Rocket propellant. A Delta IV Heavy during liftoff. The rocket is entirely fuelled with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. Rocket propellant is the reaction mass of a rocket. This reaction mass is ejected at the highest achievable velocity from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the ...
The RS-25, also known as the Space Shuttle Main Engine ( SSME ), [ 1] is a liquid-fuel cryogenic rocket engine that was used on NASA 's Space Shuttle and is used on the Space Launch System (SLS). Designed and manufactured in the United States by Rocketdyne (later Pratt & Whitney Rocketdyne and Aerojet Rocketdyne ), the RS-25 burns cryogenic ...
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants ( liquid-propellant rockets ). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and ...
Oxy-fuel combustion process. Oxy-fuel combustion is the process of burning a fuel using pure oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and recirculated flue gas, instead of air. Since the nitrogen component of air is not heated, fuel consumption is reduced, and higher flame temperatures are possible. Historically, the primary use of oxy-fuel combustion ...
A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant combination used in a rocket engine, whose components spontaneously ignite when they come into contact with each other. The two propellant components usually consist of a fuel and an oxidizer. The main advantages of hypergolic propellants are that they can be stored as liquids at room temperature ...
RP-1 (alternatively, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel. RP-1 provides a lower specific impulse than liquid hydrogen (H 2 ), but is cheaper, is stable at room temperature, and presents a lower explosion hazard. RP-1 is far denser than H 2, giving it ...
The engine may be a cryogenic rocket engine, where the fuel and oxidizer, such as hydrogen and oxygen, are gases which have been liquefied at very low temperatures. Most designs of liquid rocket engines are throttleable for variable thrust operation. Some allow control of the propellant mixture ratio (ratio at which oxidizer and fuel are mixed).