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Rocket propellant. A Delta IV Heavy during liftoff. The rocket is entirely fuelled with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. Rocket propellant is the reaction mass of a rocket. This reaction mass is ejected at the highest achievable velocity from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the ...
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants ( liquid-propellant rockets ). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and ...
The engine may be a cryogenic rocket engine, where the fuel and oxidizer, such as hydrogen and oxygen, are gases which have been liquefied at very low temperatures. Most designs of liquid rocket engines are throttleable for variable thrust operation. Some allow control of the propellant mixture ratio (ratio at which oxidizer and fuel are mixed).
RP-1 (alternatively, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel. RP-1 provides a lower specific impulse than liquid hydrogen (H 2 ), but is cheaper, is stable at room temperature, and presents a lower explosion hazard. RP-1 is far denser than H 2, giving it ...
The RS-25 engine consists of pumps, valves, and other components working in concert to produce thrust. Fuel (liquid hydrogen) and oxidizer (liquid oxygen) from the Space Shuttle's external tank entered the orbiter at the umbilical disconnect valves and from there flowed through the orbiter's main propulsion system (MPS) feed lines; whereas in the Space Launch System (SLS), fuel and oxidizer ...
The temperatures mentioned here are for a stoichiometric fuel-oxidizer mixture (i.e. equivalence ratio φ = 1). Note that these are theoretical, not actual, flame temperatures produced by a flame that loses no heat. The closest will be the hottest part of a flame, where the combustion reaction is most efficient.
Rocket candy. Rocket candy, or R-Candy, is a type of rocket propellant for model rockets made with a form of sugar as a fuel, and containing an oxidizer. The propellant can be divided into three groups of components: the fuel, the oxidizer, and the (optional) additive (s). In the past, sucrose was most commonly used as fuel.
NOFBX was a trademarked name for a proprietary nitrous oxide/ fuel / emulsifier blended mono-propellant developed by Firestar Technologies. [6] The NOFBX patent claimed a mixture of nitrous oxide as the oxidizer with ethane, ethene or acetylene as the fuel. [8] NOFBX has a higher specific impulse ( Isp) and is less toxic than other ...