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The temperatures mentioned here are for a stoichiometric fuel-oxidizer mixture (i.e. equivalence ratio φ = 1). Note that these are theoretical, not actual, flame temperatures produced by a flame that loses no heat. The closest will be the hottest part of a flame, where the combustion reaction is most efficient.
Rocket propellant. A Delta IV Heavy during liftoff. The rocket is entirely fuelled with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen cryogenic propellants. Rocket propellant is the reaction mass of a rocket. This reaction mass is ejected at the highest achievable velocity from a rocket engine to produce thrust. The energy required can either come from the ...
The highest specific impulse chemical rockets use liquid propellants (liquid-propellant rockets). They can consist of a single chemical (a monopropellant) or a mix of two chemicals, called bipropellants. Bipropellants can further be divided into two categories; hypergolic propellants, which ignite when the fuel and oxidizer make contact, and ...
The Space Shuttle was launched with the help of two solid-fuel boosters known as SRBs. A solid-propellant rocket or solid rocket is a rocket with a rocket engine that uses solid propellants (fuel / oxidizer). The earliest rockets were solid-fuel rockets powered by gunpowder; The inception of gunpowder rockets in warfare can be credited to the ...
Oxy-fuel combustion process. Oxy-fuel combustion is the process of burning a fuel using pure oxygen, or a mixture of oxygen and recirculated flue gas, instead of air. Since the nitrogen component of air is not heated, fuel consumption is reduced, and higher flame temperatures are possible. Historically, the primary use of oxy-fuel combustion ...
Merlin 1 is a family of LOX / RP-1 rocket engines developed 2003–2012. Merlin 1A and Merlin 1B utilized an ablatively-cooled carbon-fiber composite nozzle. Merlin 1A produced 340 kilonewtons (76,000 lb f) of thrust and was used to power the first stage of the first two Falcon 1 flights in 2006 and 2007. Merlin 1B had a somewhat more powerful ...
RP-1 (alternatively, Rocket Propellant-1 or Refined Petroleum-1) is a highly refined form of kerosene outwardly similar to jet fuel, used as rocket fuel. RP-1 provides a lower specific impulse than liquid hydrogen (H 2), but is cheaper, is stable at room temperature, and presents a lower explosion hazard. RP-1 is far denser than H 2, giving it ...
Rocket candy. Rocket candy, or R-Candy, is a type of rocket propellant for model rockets made with a form of sugar as a fuel, and containing an oxidizer. The propellant can be divided into three groups of components: the fuel, the oxidizer, and the (optional) additive (s). In the past, sucrose was most commonly used as fuel.