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Acutely, repletion with 10 mEq of potassium is typically expected to raise serum potassium by 0.1 mEq/L immediately after administration. However, for those with chronic hypokalemia, repletion takes time due to tissue redistribution. For example, correction by 1 mEq/L can take more than 1000 mEq of potassium over many days. [6]
Electrolyte imbalance. Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological ...
Thiazide ( / ˈθaɪəzaɪd /) refers to both a class of sulfur-containing organic molecules [ 1] and a class of diuretics based on the chemical structure of benzothiadiazine. [ 2] The thiazide drug class was discovered and developed at Merck and Co. in the 1950s. [ 3] The first approved drug of this class, chlorothiazide, was marketed under ...
Diagnosis of contraction alkalosis is made by correlating laboratory data with clinical history and examination. Metabolic alkalosis in the presence of decreased effective circulatory volume, loop diuretic use, or other causes of intravascular depletion such as profound diarrhea should raise suspicion for contraction alkalosis as a likely etiology in the absence of other causes.
Potassium-sparing diuretics or antikaliuretics[ 1] refer to drugs that cause diuresis without causing potassium loss in the urine. [ 2] They are typically used as an adjunct in management of hypertension, cirrhosis, and congestive heart failure. [ 3] The steroidal aldosterone antagonists can also be used for treatment of primary hyperaldosteronism.
Bartter syndrome ( BS) is a rare inherited disease characterised by a defect in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle, which results in low potassium levels ( hypokalemia ), [ 2] increased blood pH ( alkalosis ), and normal to low blood pressure. There are two types of Bartter syndrome: neonatal and classic.
Meanwhile, according to 2013 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) guidelines, a loop diuretic can only replace thiazide-type diuretics if there is renal impairment (Creatinine of more than 1.5 mg/dL or estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of less 30 mL/min/1.73 m 2 due to lack of long term cardiovascular outcome data and appropriate ...
Hypokalemic periodic paralysis is a condition that causes episodes of extreme muscle weakness typically beginning in childhood or adolescence. Most often, these episodes involve a temporary inability to move muscles in the arms and legs. Attacks cause severe weakness or paralysis that usually lasts from hours to days.