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For conditional probabilities, see Chain rule (probability). In calculus, the product rule (or Leibniz rule[ 1 ] or Leibniz product rule) is a formula used to find the derivatives of products of two or more functions. For two functions, it may be stated in Lagrange's notation as or in Leibniz's notation as.
The concept of proof is formalized in the field of mathematical logic. [ 12] A formal proof is written in a formal language instead of natural language. A formal proof is a sequence of formulas in a formal language, starting with an assumption, and with each subsequent formula a logical consequence of the preceding ones.
Rule of product. The elements of the set {A, B} can combine with the elements of the set {1, 2, 3} in six different ways. In combinatorics, the rule of product or multiplication principle is a basic counting principle (a.k.a. the fundamental principle of counting ). Stated simply, it is the intuitive idea that if there are a ways of doing ...
Product (mathematics) In mathematics, a product is the result of multiplication, or an expression that identifies objects (numbers or variables) to be multiplied, called factors. For example, 21 is the product of 3 and 7 (the result of multiplication), and is the product of and (indicating that the two factors should be multiplied together).
In mathematics, the cross product or vector product (occasionally directed area product, to emphasize its geometric significance) is a binary operation on two vectors in a three-dimensional oriented Euclidean vector space (named here ), and is denoted by the symbol . Given two linearly independent vectors a and b, the cross product, a × b ...
Dot product. In mathematics, the dot product or scalar product[ note 1] is an algebraic operation that takes two equal-length sequences of numbers (usually coordinate vectors ), and returns a single number. In Euclidean geometry, the dot product of the Cartesian coordinates of two vectors is widely used. It is often called the inner product (or ...
Product topology. In topology and related areas of mathematics, a product space is the Cartesian product of a family of topological spaces equipped with a natural topology called the product topology. This topology differs from another, perhaps more natural-seeming, topology called the box topology, which can also be given to a product space ...
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic. Gauss–Markov theorem (brief pointer to proof) Gödel's incompleteness theorem. Gödel's first incompleteness theorem. Gödel's second incompleteness theorem. Goodstein's theorem. Green's theorem (to do) Green's theorem when D is a simple region. Heine–Borel theorem.