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The pound or pound-mass is a unit of mass used in both the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. Various definitions have been used; the most common today is the international avoirdupois pound, which is legally defined as exactly 0.453 592 37 kilograms, and which is divided into 16 avoirdupois ounces. [ 1]
Such scales are used to make the most accurate of fine measurements, such as in the needs of empirical chemistry. Avoirdupois ( / ˌævərdəˈpɔɪz, ˌævwɑːrdjuːˈpwɑː /; [ 1] abbreviated avdp.) [ 2] is a measurement system of weights that uses pounds and ounces as units. [ 3][ 4] It was first commonly used in the 13th century AD and ...
An ounce-force is 1 ⁄ 16 of a pound-force, or about 0.2780139 newtons. It is defined as the force exerted by a mass of one avoirdupois ounce under standard gravity (at the surface of the earth, its weight). The "ounce" in "ounce-force" is equivalent to an avoirdupois ounce; ounce-force is a measurement of force using avoirdupois ounces.
Troy ounce is a traditional unit of gold weight. Troy weight is a system of units of mass that originated in 15th-century Kingdom of England [1] and is primarily used in the precious metals industry. The troy weight units are the grain, the pennyweight (24 grains), the troy ounce (20 pennyweights), and the troy pound (12 troy ounces).
Stone (unit) The stone or stone weight (abbreviation: st.) [1] is an English and British imperial unit of mass equal to 14 avoirdupois pounds (6.35 kg). [nb 1] The stone continues in customary use in the United Kingdom and Ireland for body weight . England and other Germanic -speaking countries of Northern Europe formerly used various ...
The apothecaries' system, or apothecaries' weights and measures, is a historical system of mass and volume units that were used by physicians and apothecaries for medical prescriptions and also sometimes by scientists. [ 1][ 2][ 3] The English version of the system is closely related to the English troy system of weights, the pound and grain ...
Merchants/Mercantile pound 15 oz tower = 6750 gr ≈ 437.4 g London/Mercantile pound 15 oz troy = 16 oz tower = 7200 gr ≈ 466.6 g Mercantile stone 12 lb L ≈ 5.6 kg Butcher's stone 8 lb ≈ 3.63 kg Sack 26 st = 364 lb ≈ 165 kg The carat was once specified as four grains in the English-speaking world.
The original mercantile pound of 25 shillings or 15 (Tower) ounces was displaced by, variously, the pound of the Hanseatic League (16 tower ounces) and by the pound of the then-important wool trade (16 ounces of 437 grains). A new pound of 7,680 grains was inadvertently created as 16 troy ounces, referring to the new troy rather than the old ...