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At the cellular level, T 3 is the body's more active and potent thyroid hormone. [2] T 3 helps deliver oxygen and energy to all of the body's cells, its effects on target tissues being roughly four times more potent than those of T 4. [2] Of the thyroid hormone that is produced, just about 20% is T 3, whereas 80% is produced as T 4.
In the United States hyperthyroidism affects about 1.2% of the population. [3] Worldwide, hyperthyroidism affects 2.5% of adults. [8] It occurs between two and ten times more often in women. [1] Onset is commonly between 20 and 50 years of age. [2] Overall the disease is more common in those over the age of 60 years. [1]
T 3 and T 4 are partially composed of iodine, derived from food. [2] A deficiency of iodine leads to decreased production of T 3 and T 4, enlarges the thyroid tissue and will cause the disease known as simple goitre. [3] The major form of thyroid hormone in the blood is thyroxine (T 4), whose half-life of around one week [4] is longer than that ...
0.3–0.4% (USA) [ 8] Hypothyroidism (also called underactive thyroid, low thyroid or hypothyreosis) is a disorder of the endocrine system in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormones. [ 3] It can cause a number of symptoms, such as poor ability to tolerate cold, extreme fatigue, muscle aches, constipation, slow heart ...
Combined, these factors increase blood flow and the body's temperature. [27] Developmental. Thyroid hormones are important for normal development. [28] They increase the growth rate of young people, [29] and cells of the developing brain are a major target for the thyroid hormones T 3 and T 4. Thyroid hormones play a particularly crucial role ...
Euthyroid sick syndrome ( ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [ 1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders ...
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .
Normal human body temperature ( normothermia, euthermia) is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F). [ 8][ 9] Human body temperature varies. It depends on sex, age, time of day, exertion level, health status (such as illness and menstruation ...