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In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain of the function, or. the image of the function. In some cases the codomain and the image of a function are the same set; such a function is called surjective or onto. For any non-surjective function the codomain and the image are different ...
The bigger red dot is the root of the function. In mathematics, the bisection method is a root-finding method that applies to any continuous function for which one knows two values with opposite signs. The method consists of repeatedly bisecting the interval defined by these values and then selecting the subinterval in which the function ...
Interval arithmetic (also known as interval mathematics; interval analysis or interval computation) is a mathematical technique used to mitigate rounding and measurement errors in mathematical computation by computing function bounds.
The golden-section search is a technique for finding an extremum (minimum or maximum) of a function inside a specified interval. For a strictly unimodal function with an extremum inside the interval, it will find that extremum, while for an interval containing multiple extrema (possibly including the interval boundaries), it will converge to ...
In mathematics, the result of the modulo operation is an equivalence class, and any member of the class may be chosen as representative; however, the usual representative is the least positive residue, the smallest non-negative integer that belongs to that class (i.e., the remainder of the Euclidean division). [2] However, other conventions are possible. Computers and calculators have various ...
In computing and mathematics, the function atan2 is the 2- argument arctangent. By definition, is the angle measure (in radians, with ) between the positive -axis and the ray from the origin to the point in the Cartesian plane. Equivalently, is the argument (also called phase or angle) of the complex number (The argument of a function and the ...
Floor function. Ceiling function. In mathematics, the floor function is the function that takes as input a real number x, and gives as output the greatest integer less than or equal to x, denoted ⌊x⌋ or floor (x). Similarly, the ceiling function maps x to the smallest integer greater than or equal to x, denoted ⌈x⌉ or ceil (x).
If the function argument is real, then the function value is also real. In statistics, for non-negative values of x, the error function has the following interpretation: for a random variable Y that is normally distributed with mean 0 and standard deviation , erf x is the probability that Y falls in the range [−x, x].