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Lumpectomy (sometimes known as a tylectomy, partial mastectomy, breast segmental resection or breast wide local excision) is a surgical removal of a discrete portion or "lump" of breast tissue, usually in the treatment of a malignant tumor or breast cancer. [ 1] It is considered a viable breast conservation therapy, as the amount of tissue ...
Breast-conserving surgery refers to an operation that aims to remove breast cancer while avoiding a mastectomy. [1] Different forms of this operation include: lumpectomy (tylectomy), wide local excision, segmental resection, and quadrantectomy. Breast-conserving surgery has been increasingly accepted as an alternative to mastectomy in specific ...
Oncology. Histopathologic image from ductal cell carcinoma in situ (DCIS) of breast (hematoxylin and eosin stain) Ductal carcinoma in situ ( DCIS ), also known as intraductal carcinoma, is a pre-cancerous or non-invasive cancerous lesion of the breast. [ 1][ 2] DCIS is classified as Stage 0. [ 3] It rarely produces symptoms or a breast lump ...
Staging breast cancer is the initial step to help physicians determine the most appropriate course of treatment. As of 2016, guidelines incorporated biologic factors, such as tumor grade, cellular proliferation rate, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression, human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) expression, and gene expression profiling into the staging system.
In 2012 the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), a sub-department of the WHO, published the 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors of the Breast. Previously known as 'invasive ductal carcinoma, not otherwise specified', these most recent guidelines advocated for the use of 'invasive carcinoma of no special type'. [8] [9]
Breast cancer is a cancer that develops from breast tissue. [ 7] Signs of breast cancer may include a lump in the breast, a change in breast shape, dimpling of the skin, milk rejection, fluid coming from the nipple, a newly inverted nipple, or a red or scaly patch of skin. [ 1] In those with distant spread of the disease, there may be bone pain ...
Breast cancer classification divides breast cancer into categories according to different schemes criteria and serving a different purpose. The major categories are the histopathological type, the grade of the tumor, the stage of the tumor, and the expression of proteins and genes. As knowledge of cancer cell biology develops these ...
Common [ 2] A breast mass, also known as a breast lump, is a localized swelling that feels different from the surrounding tissue. [ 1] Breast pain, nipple discharge, or skin changes may be present. [ 1] Concerning findings include masses that are hard, do not move easily, are of an irregular shape, or are firmly attached to surrounding tissue.