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The Sherman Antitrust Act is a landmark federal law in the United States that prohibits monopolies and unfair business practices that harm competition. It was enacted in 1890 and named after Senator John Sherman, who was its main author. The act has been used to regulate and break up some of the most powerful corporations in American history, such as Standard Oil, AT&T, and Microsoft.
The history of United States antitrust law is generally taken to begin with the Sherman Antitrust Act 1890, although some form of policy to regulate competition in the market economy has existed throughout the common law 's history. Although "trust" had a technical legal meaning, the word was commonly used to denote big business, especially a ...
Sherman Act 1890 § 1 Preventing collusion and cartels that act in restraint of trade is an essential task of antitrust law. It reflects the view that each business has a duty to act independently on the market, and so earn its profits solely by providing better priced and quality products than its competitors. The Sherman Act §1 prohibits "[e]very contract, combination in the form of trust ...
United States v. Alcoa, 148 F.2d 416 (2d Cir. 1945), [1] is a landmark decision concerning United States antitrust law.Judge Learned Hand's opinion is notable for its discussion of determining the relevant market for market share analysis and—more importantly—its discussion of the circumstances under which a monopoly is guilty of monopolization under section 2 of the Sherman Antitrust Act.
I, Sec 8. United States v. E. C. Knight Co., 156 U.S. 1 (1895), also known as the " Sugar Trust Case ," was a United States Supreme Court antitrust case that severely limited the federal government's power to pursue antitrust actions under the Sherman Antitrust Act. In Chief Justice Melville Fuller 's majority opinion, the Court held that the ...
The rule of reason is a legal doctrine used to interpret the Sherman Antitrust Act, one of the cornerstones of United States antitrust law.While some actions like price-fixing are considered illegal per se, other actions, such as possession of a monopoly, must be analyzed under the rule of reason and are only considered illegal when their effect is to unreasonably restrain trade.
Sherman Antitrust Act Northern Securities Co. v. United States , 193 U.S. 197 (1904), was a case heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 1903. The Court ruled 5-4 against the stockholders of the Great Northern and Northern Pacific railroad companies, which had essentially formed a monopoly and to dissolve the Northern Securities Company .
Sherman Antitrust Act; 15 U.S.C. § 1, 2 Paramount Pictures, Inc. , 334 U.S. 131 (1948) (also known as the Hollywood Antitrust Case of 1948 , the Paramount Case , or the Paramount Decision ), was a landmark United States Supreme Court antitrust case that decided the fate of film studios owning their own theatres and holding exclusivity rights ...