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Specialty. Neurology. A generalized tonic–clonic seizure, commonly known as a grand mal seizure or GTCS, [ 1] is a type of generalized seizure that produces bilateral, convulsive tonic and clonic muscle contractions. Tonic–clonic seizures are the seizure type most commonly associated with epilepsy and seizures in general and the most common ...
Frequency. 40 per 100,000 people per year [ 2] Status epilepticus ( SE ), or status seizure, is a medical condition consisting of a single seizure lasting more than 5 minutes, or 2 or more seizures within a 5-minute period without the person returning to normal between them. [ 3][ 1] Previous definitions used a 30-minute time limit. [ 2]
Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures ( PNES ), also referred to as pseudoseizures, non-epileptic attack disorder ( NEAD ), functional seizures, or dissociative seizures,[ 2][ 3] are episodes resembling an epileptic seizure but without the characteristic electrical discharges associated with epilepsy. [ 4][ 3] PNES fall under the category of ...
Types. Physiological, psychological [ 1] Non-epileptic seizures ( NES ), also known as non-epileptic events, are paroxysmal events that appear similar to an epileptic seizure but do not involve abnormal, rhythmic discharges of neurons in the brain. [ 2] Symptoms may include shaking, loss of consciousness, and loss of bladder control.
Frequency. ~10% of people (overall worldwide lifetime risk) [ 5][ 9] A seizure is a period of symptoms due to abnormally excessive or synchronous neuronal activity in the brain. [ 6] Outward effects vary from uncontrolled shaking movements involving much of the body with loss of consciousness ( tonic-clonic seizure ), to shaking movements ...
Postictal state. The postictal state is the altered state of consciousness after an epileptic seizure. It usually lasts between 5 and 30 minutes, but sometimes longer in the case of larger or more severe seizures, and is characterized by drowsiness, confusion, nausea, hypertension, headache or migraine, and other disorienting symptoms.
Generalized epilepsy is a form of epilepsy characterised by generalised seizures with no apparent cause. [1] Generalized seizures, as opposed to focal seizures, are a type of seizure that impairs consciousness and distorts the electrical activity of the whole or a larger portion of the brain (which can be seen, for example, on electroencephalography, EEG).
Specialty. Medical genetics. Focal cortical dysplasia ( FCD) is a congenital abnormality of brain development where the neurons in an area of the brain failed to migrate in the proper formation in utero. [ 1] Focal means that it is limited to a focal zone in any lobe. [ 2] Focal cortical dysplasia is a common cause of intractable epilepsy in ...