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History. Computer networking may be considered a branch of computer science, computer engineering, and telecommunications, since it relies on the theoretical and practical application of the related disciplines. Computer networking was influenced by a wide array of technological developments and historical milestones.
Networking hardware, also known as network equipment or computer networking devices, are electronic devices that are required for communication and interaction between devices on a computer network. Specifically, they mediate data transmission in a computer network. [ 1] Units which are the last receiver or generate data are called hosts, end ...
The Internet (or internet) [ a] is the global system of interconnected computer networks that uses the Internet protocol suite (TCP/IP) [ b] to communicate between networks and devices. It is a network of networks that consists of private, public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global scope, linked by a broad array of ...
Software-defined networking ( SDN) is an approach to network management that enables dynamic and programmatically efficient network configuration to improve network performance and monitoring in a manner more akin to cloud computing than to traditional network management. [ 1] SDN is meant to improve the static architecture of traditional ...
A server is a computer that provides information to other computers called "clients" on computer network. [ 1] This architecture is called the client–server model. Servers can provide various functionalities, often called "services", such as sharing data or resources among multiple clients or performing computations for a client.
1. Physical layer. The Open Systems Interconnection ( OSI) model is a reference model from the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) that "provides a common basis for the coordination of standards development for the purpose of systems interconnection." [ 2] In the OSI reference model, the communications between systems are split ...
Network topology is the arrangement of the elements ( links, nodes, etc.) of a communication network. [ 1][ 2] Network topology can be used to define or describe the arrangement of various types of telecommunication networks, including command and control radio networks, [ 3] industrial fieldbusses and computer networks .
Network architecture is the design of a computer network. It is a framework for the specification of a network's physical components and their functional organization and configuration, its operational principles and procedures, as well as communication protocols used. In telecommunication, the specification of a network architecture may also ...
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