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In computing, BIOS ( / ˈbaɪɒs, - oʊs /, BY-oss, -ohss; Basic Input/Output System, also known as the System BIOS, ROM BIOS, BIOS ROM or PC BIOS) is firmware used to provide runtime services for operating systems and programs and to perform hardware initialization during the booting process (power-on startup). [ 1]
The original motivation for EFI came during early development of the first Intel–HP Itanium systems in the mid-1990s. BIOS limitations (such as 16-bit real mode, 1 MB addressable memory space, [5] assembly language programming, and PC AT hardware) had become too restrictive for the larger server platforms Itanium was targeting. [6]
Power-on self-test. A power-on self-test ( POST) is a process performed by firmware or software routines immediately after a computer or other digital electronic device is powered on. [ 1] POST processes may set the initial state of the device from firmware and detect if any hardware components are non-functional.
Organization. Intel. Website. www .intel .com /content /www /us /en /io /serial-ata /ahci .html. The Advanced Host Controller Interface ( AHCI) is a technical standard defined by Intel that specifies the register-level interface of Serial ATA (SATA) host controllers in a non-implementation-specific manner in its motherboard chipsets. [ 1]
An Option ROM for the PC platform (i.e. the IBM PC and derived successor computer systems) is a piece of firmware that resides in ROM on an expansion card (or stored along with the main system BIOS ), which gets executed to initialize the device and (optionally) add support for the device to the BIOS. In its usual use, it is essentially a ...
BIOS interrupt calls perform hardware control or I/O functions requested by a program, return system information to the program, or do both. A key element of the purpose of BIOS calls is abstraction - the BIOS calls perform generally defined functions, and the specific details of how those functions are executed on the particular hardware of the system are encapsulated in the BIOS and hidden ...
Website. www .dmtf .org /standards /smbios. In computing, the System Management BIOS ( SMBIOS) specification defines data structures (and access methods) that can be used to read management information produced by the BIOS of a computer. [ 1] This eliminates the need for the operating system to probe hardware directly to discover what devices ...
If necessary, this allows one to perform remote installation of the operating system. Remote management can be used to adjust BIOS settings that may not be accessible after the operating system has already booted. Settings for hardware RAID or RAM timings can also be adjusted as the management card needs no hard drives or main memory to operate ...