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Statistical significance. In statistical hypothesis testing, [1] [2] a result has statistical significance when a result at least as "extreme" would be very infrequent if the null hypothesis were true. [3] More precisely, a study's defined significance level, denoted by , is the probability of the study rejecting the null hypothesis, given that ...
If a poll has multiple percentage results (for example, a poll measuring a single multiple-choice preference), the result closest to 50% will have the highest margin ...
Science and experiments. When either randomness or uncertainty modeled by probability theory is attributed to such errors, they are "errors" in the sense in which that term is used in statistics; see errors and residuals in statistics.
Propagation of uncertainty. In statistics, propagation of uncertainty (or propagation of error) is the effect of variables ' uncertainties (or errors, more specifically random errors) on the uncertainty of a function based on them. When the variables are the values of experimental measurements they have uncertainties due to measurement ...
Law of averages. The law of averages is the commonly held belief that a particular outcome or event will, over certain periods of time, occur at a frequency that is similar to its probability. [1] [2] Depending on context or application it can be considered a valid common-sense observation or a misunderstanding of probability.
In bioinformatics, the root mean square deviation of atomic positions is the measure of the average distance between the atoms of superimposed proteins. In structure based drug design, the RMSD is a measure of the difference between a crystal conformation of the ligand conformation and a docking prediction.
Despite the fact that the likelihood ratio in favor of the alternative hypothesis over the null is close to 100, if the hypothesis was implausible, with a prior probability of a real effect being 0.1, even the observation of p = 0.001 would have a false positive rate of 8 percent. It wouldn't even reach the 5 percent level.
This is because Earth's equipotential makes net time dilation equal across its geodesic surface. That is, the combination of Special and General effects make the net time dilation at the equator equal to that of the poles, which in turn are at rest relative to the center.