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Scanning thermal microscopy ( SThM) is a type of scanning probe microscopy that maps the local temperature and thermal conductivity of an interface. The probe in a scanning thermal microscope is sensitive to local temperatures – providing a nano-scale thermometer.
Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae. T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle. The species was formerly named T-even bacteriophage, a name which also encompasses, among other strains (or isolates ...
Scanning probe microscopy ( SPM) is a branch of microscopy that forms images of surfaces using a physical probe that scans the specimen. SPM was founded in 1981, with the invention of the scanning tunneling microscope, an instrument for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. The first successful scanning tunneling microscope experiment was done by Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer. The key to ...
Lambda phage. Enterobacteria phage λ ( lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [2]
A scanning tunneling microscope ( STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer, then at IBM Zürich, the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1986. [1] [2] [3] STM senses the surface by using an extremely sharp conducting tip that can distinguish features smaller than 0.1 nm with a ...
For an ideal absorber/emitter or black body, the Stefan–Boltzmann law states that the total energy radiated per unit surface area per unit time (also known as the radiant exitance) is directly proportional to the fourth power of the black body's temperature, T : The constant of proportionality, , is called the Stefan–Boltzmann constant.
Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus (Orla-Jensen, 1919) Farrow et Collins 1984. Streptococcus thermophilus formerly known as Streptococcus salivarius subsp. thermophilus [2] [1] is a gram-positive bacterium, and a fermentative facultative anaerobe, of the viridans group. [3] It tests negative for cytochrome, oxidase, and catalase, and ...
Near-field scanning optical microscopy ( NSOM) or scanning near-field optical microscopy ( SNOM) is a microscopy technique for nanostructure investigation that breaks the far field resolution limit by exploiting the properties of evanescent waves.