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In psychology, manipulation is defined as subterfuge designed to influence or control another, usually in an underhanded manner which facilitates one's personal aims. [1] Methods used to distort the individual's perception of reality may include seduction, suggestion, and blackmail to induce submission.
The semiotic manipulation of signs is the essential characteristic ("Propaganda is a major form of manipulation by symbols" ). [5] Thus, propaganda is a special form of communication, which is studied in communication research, and especially in media impact research, focusing on media manipulation. [6]
Disinformation is false information deliberately spread to deceive people. [ 1][ 2][ 3] Disinformation is an orchestrated adversarial activity in which actors employ strategic deceptions and media manipulation tactics to advance political, military, or commercial goals. [ 4]
Gaslighting. Gaslighting is a colloquialism, defined as manipulating someone into questioning their own perception of reality. [ 1][ 2] The expression, which derives from the title of the 1944 film Gaslight, became popular in the mid-2010s. Merriam-Webster cites deception of one's memory, perception of reality, or mental stability. [ 2]
Internet manipulation is the co-optation of online digital technologies, including algorithms, social bots, and automated scripts, for commercial, social, military, or political purposes. [1] Internet and social media manipulation are the prime vehicles for spreading disinformation due to the importance of digital platforms for media ...
Crowd manipulation is the intentional or unwitting use of techniques based on the principles of crowd psychology to engage, control, or influence the desires of a crowd in order to direct its behavior toward a specific action. [ 1] This practice is common to religion, politics and business and can facilitate the approval or disapproval or ...
e. In economics and finance, market manipulation is a type of market abuse where there is a deliberate attempt to interfere with the free and fair operation of the market; the most blatant of cases involve creating false or misleading appearances with respect to the price of, or market for, a product, security or commodity. [citation needed]
Psychological manipulation is a type of social influence that aims to change the behavior or perception of others through abusive, deceptive, or underhanded tactics. [16] By advancing the interests of the manipulator, often at another's expense, such methods could be considered exploitative, abusive, devious, and deceptive.