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For example, sales returns and allowance and sales discounts are contra revenues with respect to sales, as the balance of each contra (a debit) is the opposite of sales (a credit). To understand the actual value of sales, one must net the contras against sales, which gives rise to the term net sales (meaning net of the contras). [34]
Discounts and allowances are reductions to a basic price of goods or services.. They can occur anywhere in the distribution channel, modifying either the manufacturer's list price (determined by the manufacturer and often printed on the package), the retail price (set by the retailer and often attached to the product with a sticker), or the list price (which is quoted to a potential buyer ...
Accounting. In accrual accounting, the matching principle instructs that an expense should be reported in the same period in which the corresponding revenue is earned. The revenue recognition principle states that revenues should be recorded during the period in which they are earned, regardless of when the transfer of cash occurs.
Loss leader. A loss leader (also leader) [1] is a pricing strategy where a product is sold at a price below its market cost [2] to stimulate other sales of more profitable goods or services. With this sales promotion / marketing strategy, a "leader" is any popular article, i.e., sold at a low price to attract customers. [3]
The term sales in a marketing, advertising or a general business context often refers to a free in which a buyer has agreed to purchase some products at a set time in the future. From an accounting standpoint, sales do not occur until the product is delivered. "Outstanding orders" refers to sales orders that have not been filled.
In management accounting, the Cash conversion cycle ( CCC) measures how long a firm will be deprived of cash if it increases its investment in inventory in order to expand customer sales. [1] It is thus a measure of the liquidity risk entailed by growth. [2] However, shortening the CCC creates its own risks: while a firm could even achieve a ...
Absorption pricing. This pricing method aims to recover all the costs of producing a product. The price of a product includes the variable cost of each item plus a proportionate amount of the fixed costs: Unit Variable Costs + (Overhead + Managing Costs) รท Number of units produced = Absorption Price. Fixed or variable costs, direct or indirect ...
In microeconomics, value added may be defined as the market value of aggregate output of a transformation process, minus the market value of aggregate input(or aggregate inputs) of a transformation process. One may describe value added with the help of Ulbo de Sitter's design theory for production synergies. He divides transformation processes ...