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2. Range of a function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_of_a_function

   In mathematics, the range of a function may refer to either of two closely related concepts: the codomain of the function, or. the image of the function. In some cases the codomain and the image of a function are the same set; such a function is called surjective or onto. For any non-surjective function the codomain and the image are different ...

3. Range (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_(statistics)

   In descriptive statistics, the range of a set of data is size of the narrowest interval which contains all the data. It is calculated as the difference between the largest and smallest values (also known as the sample maximum and minimum ). [1] It is expressed in the same units as the data. The range provides an indication of statistical ...

4. Surjective function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surjective_function

   Partial. Multivalued. Implicit. Space. v. t. e. In mathematics, a surjective function (also known as surjection, or onto function / ˈɒn.tuː /) is a function f such that, for every element y of the function's codomain, there exists at least one element x in the function's domain such that f(x) = y.

5. Mode (statistics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mode_(statistics)

   For the music theory concept of "modes", see Mode (music). In statistics, the mode is the value that appears most often in a set of data values. [1] If X is a discrete random variable, the mode is the value x at which the probability mass function takes its maximum value (i.e., x=argmaxxi P (X = xi) ). In other words, it is the value that is ...

6. Frequency - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency

   Frequency is an important parameter used in science and engineering to specify the rate of oscillatory and vibratory phenomena, such as mechanical vibrations, audio signals ( sound ), radio waves, and light . For example, if a heart beats at a frequency of 120 times per minute (2 hertz), the period—the interval between beats—is half a ...

7. Monotonic function - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monotonic_function

   A function that is not monotonic. In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [1] [2] [3] This concept first arose in calculus, and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory .

8. Restriction (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restriction_(mathematics)

   Formal definition. Let : be a function from a set to a set . If a set is a subset of , then the restriction of to is the function |: given by | = for . Informally, the restriction of to is the same function as , but is only defined on .

9. Interval (mathematics) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval_(mathematics)

   Interval (mathematics) The addition x + a on the number line. All numbers greater than x and less than x + a fall within that open interval. In mathematics, a ( real) interval is the set of all real numbers lying between two fixed endpoints with no "gaps". Each endpoint is either a real number or positive or negative infinity, indicating the ...