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The Incoterms or International Commercial Terms are a series of pre-defined commercial terms published by the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC) relating to international commercial law. [ 1] Incoterms define the responsibilities of exporters and importers in the arrangement of shipments and the transfer of liability involved at various ...
FOB (shipping) FOB ( free on board) is a term in international commercial law specifying at what point respective obligations, costs, and risk involved in the delivery of goods shift from the seller to the buyer under the Incoterms standard published by the International Chamber of Commerce. FOB is only used in non-containerized sea freight or ...
A bill of lading ( / ˈleɪdɪŋ /) (sometimes abbreviated as B/L or BOL) is a document issued by a carrier (or their agent) to acknowledge receipt of cargo for shipment. [ 1] Although the term is historically related only to carriage by sea, a bill of lading may today be used for any type of carriage of goods. [ 2]
Freight transport, also referred as freight forwarding, is the physical process of transporting commodities and merchandise goods and cargo. [1] The term shipping originally referred to transport by sea but in American English , it has been extended to refer to transport by land or air (International English: "carriage") as well.
In shipping, break-bulk, breakbulk, [ 2] or break bulk cargo, also called general cargo, is goods that are stowed on board ships in individually counted units. Traditionally, the large numbers of items are recorded on distinct bills of lading that list them by different commodities. [ 3] This is in contrast to cargo stowed in modern intermodal ...
Project cargo is a term used to broadly describe the national or international transportation of large, heavy, high value, or critical (to the project they are intended for) pieces of equipment. Also commonly referred to as heavy lift , this includes shipments made of various components which need disassembly for shipment and reassembly after ...
In a contract of carriage, the consignee is the entity who is financially responsible (the buyer) for the receipt of a shipment. [ 1] Generally, but not always, the consignee is the same as the receiver. If a sender dispatches an item to a receiver via a delivery service, the sender is the consignor, the recipient is the consignee, and the ...
Admiralty law. A manifest, customs manifest or cargo document is a document listing the cargo, passengers, and crew of a ship, aircraft, or vehicle, for the use of customs and other officials. [ 1] Where such a list is limited to identifying passengers, it is a passenger manifest or passenger list or bag manifest; conversely, a list limited to ...