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Electrolyte imbalance. Diagram of ion concentrations and charge across a semi-permeable cellular membrane. Electrolyte imbalance, or water-electrolyte imbalance, is an abnormality in the concentration of electrolytes in the body. Electrolytes play a vital role in maintaining homeostasis in the body. They help to regulate heart and neurological ...
Euthyroid sick syndrome ( ESS) is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback control [ 1] wherein the levels of T3 and/or T4 are abnormal, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition may result from allostatic responses of hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid feedback control, dyshomeostatic disorders ...
Hypovolemia, also known as volume depletion or volume contraction, is a state of abnormally low extracellular fluid in the body. [ 1] This may be due to either a loss of both salt and water or a decrease in blood volume. [ 2][ 3] Hypovolemia refers to the loss of extracellular fluid and should not be confused with dehydration.
Physical water scarcity, heatwaves, disease (most commonly from diseases that cause vomiting and/or diarrhea ), exercise. Treatment. Drinking clean water. Medication. Saline. In physiology, dehydration is a lack of total body water, [ 3] with an accompanying disruption of metabolic processes.
Hyponatremia. Hyponatremia or hyponatraemia is a low concentration of sodium in the blood. [ 4] It is generally defined as a sodium concentration of less than 135 mmol/L (135 mEq/L ), with severe hyponatremia being below 120 mEq/L. [ 3][ 8] Symptoms can be absent, mild or severe. [ 2][ 9] Mild symptoms include a decreased ability to think ...
Hypovolemic shock is a form of shock caused by severe hypovolemia (insufficient blood volume or extracellular fluid in the body). [ 1][ 2] It can be caused by severe dehydration or blood loss. [ 3][ 2] Hypovolemic shock is a medical emergency; if left untreated, the insufficient blood flow can cause damage to organs, leading to multiple organ ...
Hyperthyroidism is the condition that occurs due to excessive production of thyroid hormones by the thyroid gland. [ 3] Thyrotoxicosis is the condition that occurs due to excessive thyroid hormone of any cause and therefore includes hyperthyroidism. [ 3] Some, however, use the terms interchangeably. [ 5]
The hypothalamic–pituitary–thyroid axis ( HPT axis for short, a.k.a. thyroid homeostasis or thyrotropic feedback control) is part of the neuroendocrine system responsible for the regulation of metabolism and also responds to stress. As its name suggests, it depends upon the hypothalamus, the pituitary gland, and the thyroid gland .