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Escherichia virus T4 is a species of bacteriophages that infect Escherichia coli bacteria. It is a double-stranded DNA virus in the subfamily Tevenvirinae of the family Straboviridae . T4 is capable of undergoing only a lytic life cycle and not the lysogenic life cycle .
However, some DNA phages such as T4 may have large genomes with hundreds of genes; the size and shape of the capsid varies along with the size of the genome. [68] The largest bacteriophage genomes reach a size of 735 kb. [69] Schematic view of the 44 kb T7 phage genome. Each box is a gene. Numbers indicate genes (or rather open reading frames).
Lambda phage. Enterobacteria phage λ ( lambda phage, coliphage λ, officially Escherichia virus Lambda) is a bacterial virus, or bacteriophage, that infects the bacterial species Escherichia coli ( E. coli ). It was discovered by Esther Lederberg in 1950. [ 2]
Overview. Thermal radiation is the emission of electromagnetic waves from all matter that has a temperature greater than absolute zero. [ 5][ 2] Thermal radiation reflects the conversion of thermal energy into electromagnetic energy. Thermal energy is the kinetic energy of random movements of atoms and molecules in matter.
The bacterium grows massively in fresh fecal matter under aerobic conditions for three days, but its numbers decline slowly afterwards. [11] E. coli and other facultative anaerobes constitute about 0.1% of gut microbiota, [12] and fecal–oral transmission is the major route through which pathogenic strains of the bacterium cause disease.
In thermodynamics and statistical mechanics, the microscopic scale is the scale at which we do not measure or directly observe the precise state of a thermodynamic system – such detailed states of a system are called microstates. We instead measure thermodynamic variables at a macroscopic scale, i.e. the macrostate. [citation needed]
Bacterial cellular morphologies are the shapes that are characteristic of various types of bacteria and often key to their identification. Their direct examination under a light microscope enables the classification of these bacteria (and archaea ). Generally, the basic morphologies are spheres (coccus) and round-ended cylinders or rod shaped ...
Temperature determines the statistical occupation of the microstates of the ensemble. The microscopic definition of temperature is only meaningful in the thermodynamic limit, meaning for large ensembles of states or particles, to fulfill the requirements of the statistical model. Kinetic energy is also considered as a component of thermal energy.