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Explainable AI ( XAI ), often overlapping with interpretable AI, or explainable machine learning ( XML ), either refers to an artificial intelligence (AI) system over which it is possible for humans to retain intellectual oversight, or refers to the methods to achieve this. [ 1][ 2] The main focus is usually on the reasoning behind the ...
Affective forecasting. Affective forecasting, also known as hedonic forecasting or the hedonic forecasting mechanism, is the prediction of one's affect ( emotional state) in the future. [ 1] As a process that influences preferences, decisions, and behavior, affective forecasting is studied by both psychologists and economists, with broad ...
Kerckhoffs's principle. Kerckhoffs's principle (also called Kerckhoffs's desideratum, assumption, axiom, doctrine or law) of cryptography was stated by Dutch-born cryptographer Auguste Kerckhoffs in the 19th century. The principle holds that a cryptosystem should be secure, even if everything about the system, except the key, is public knowledge.
The Dunning–Kruger effect is defined as the tendency of people with low ability in a specific area to give overly positive assessments of this ability. [ 2][ 3][ 4] This is often seen as a cognitive bias, i.e. as a systematic tendency to engage in erroneous forms of thinking and judging. [ 5][ 6][ 7] In the case of the Dunning–Kruger effect ...
The gate control theory of pain describes how non-painful sensations can override and reduce painful sensations. A painful, nociceptive stimulus stimulates primary afferent fibers and travels to the brain via transmission cells. Increasing activity of the transmission cells results in increased perceived pain. Conversely, decreasing activity of ...
The neuroscience of music is the scientific study of brain-based mechanisms involved in the cognitive processes underlying music. These behaviours include music listening, performing, composing, reading, writing, and ancillary activities. It also is increasingly concerned with the brain basis for musical aesthetics and musical emotion.
Airlines rely on complex systems: Why the CrowdStrike hiccup could cause days of chaos. Thousands of flights were canceled and delayed across the country Friday as a Microsoft system outage took ...
The vascular arterial system supplying fresh blood branches into smaller and smaller vessels as it enters the brain surface and within-brain regions, culminating in a connected capillary bed within the brain. The drainage system, similarly, merges into larger and larger veins as it carries away oxygen-depleted blood. The dHb contribution to the ...