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Acute severe asthma. Silent chest, worsening symptoms despite use of medication. [1] Acute severe asthma, also known as status asthmaticus, is an acute exacerbation of asthma that does not respond to standard treatments of bronchodilators (inhalers) and corticosteroids. [2] Asthma is caused by multiple genes, some having protective effect, with ...
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea or paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea ( PND) is an attack of severe shortness of breath and coughing that generally occurs at night. [ 1] It usually awakens the person from sleep, and may be quite frightening. [ 2] PND, as well as simple orthopnea, may be relieved by sitting upright at the side of the bed with legs ...
Reactive airway disease. Reactive airway disease ( RAD) is an informal label that physicians apply to patients with symptoms similar to those of asthma. [ 1] An exact definition of the condition does not exist. [ 1][ 2] Individuals who are typically labeled as having RAD generally have a history of wheezing, coughing, dyspnea, and production of ...
Specialty. Pulmonology. Bronchospasm or a bronchial spasm is a sudden constriction of the muscles in the walls of the bronchioles. It is caused by the release ( degranulation) of substances from mast cells or basophils under the influence of anaphylatoxins. It causes difficulty in breathing which ranges from mild to severe.
The symptoms of pneumonia are fever, productive cough, shortness of breath, and pleuritic chest pain. [2] Inspiratory crackles may be heard on exam. [2] A chest x-ray can be useful to differentiate pneumonia from congestive heart failure. [2] As the cause is usually a bacterial infection, antibiotics are typically used for treatment. [2]
Respiratory failure results from inadequate gas exchange by the respiratory system, meaning that the arterial oxygen, carbon dioxide, or both cannot be kept at normal levels. A drop in the oxygen carried in the blood is known as hypoxemia; a rise in arterial carbon dioxide levels is called hypercapnia. Respiratory failure is classified as ...
An acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis ( AECB ), is a sudden worsening of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) symptoms including shortness of breath, quantity and color of phlegm that typically lasts for several days. It may be triggered by an infection with bacteria ...
AERD affects an estimated 0.3–0.9% of the general population in the US, including around 7% of all asthmatics, about 14% of adults with severe asthma, and ~5-10% of patients with adult onset asthma. [2] [3] [8] AERD is uncommon among children, with around 6% of patients, predominantly female, reporting disease onset during childhood. [9]