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During pregnancy the layer of endometrium that attaches directly to developing blastocyst becomes the maternal portion of the placenta, also known as the decidua basalis. [9] In the absence of a decidua basalis, trophoblast cells on the developing blastocyst form an abnormally deep attachment to the uterine wall, this is known as abnormal ...
Fetal distress, also known as non-reassuring fetal status, is a condition during pregnancy or labor in which the fetus shows signs of inadequate oxygenation. [ 1] Due to its imprecision, the term "fetal distress" has fallen out of use in American obstetrics. [ 2][ 1][ 3] The term "non-reassuring fetal status" has largely replaced it. [ 4]
Prolonged labor. Prolonged labor is the inability of a woman to proceed with childbirth upon going into labor. [ 1] Prolonged labor typically lasts over 20 hours for first time mothers, and over 14 hours for women that have already had children. [ 1] Failure to progress can take place during two different phases; the latent phase and active ...
Fetal-maternal haemorrhage is the loss of fetal blood cells into the maternal circulation. It takes place in normal pregnancies as well as when there are obstetric or trauma related complications to pregnancy. Normally the maternal circulation and the fetal circulation are kept from direct contact with each other, with gas and nutrient exchange ...
83,000 (2015) [3] Obstetrical bleeding is bleeding in pregnancy that occurs before, during, or after childbirth. [4] Bleeding before childbirth is that which occurs after 24 weeks of pregnancy. [4] Bleeding may be vaginal or less commonly into the abdominal cavity. Bleeding which occurs before 24 weeks is known as early pregnancy bleeding .
If it occurs before 37 weeks it is known as PPROM (preterm prelabor rupture of membranes) otherwise it is known as term PROM. [2] Treatment is based on how far along a woman is in pregnancy and whether complications are present. [2] In those at or near term without any complications, induction of labor is generally recommended. [2]
Rupture of membranes ( ROM) or amniorrhexis is a term used during pregnancy to describe a rupture of the amniotic sac. [ 1] Normally, it occurs spontaneously at full term either during or at the beginning of labor. Rupture of the membranes is known colloquially as " breaking (one's) water ," especially when induced rather than spontaneous, or ...
Uterine rupture is when the muscular wall of the uterus tears during pregnancy or childbirth. [ 3] Symptoms, while classically including increased pain, vaginal bleeding, or a change in contractions, are not always present. [ 1][ 2] Disability or death of the mother or baby may result. [ 1][ 3] Risk factors include vaginal birth after cesarean ...