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Axial cross section of Carnot's heat engine. In this diagram, abcd is a cylindrical vessel, cd is a movable piston, and A and B are constant–temperature bodies. The vessel may be placed in contact with either body or removed from both (as it is here). [1] A Carnot heat engine [2] is a theoretical heat engine that operates on the Carnot cycle.
In an internal combustion engine, a turbocharger (also known as a turbo or a turbosupercharger) is a forced induction device that is powered by the flow of exhaust gases. It uses this energy to compress the intake air, forcing more air into the engine in order to produce more power for a given displacement. [ 1][ 2] The current categorisation ...
: A Carnot cycle as an idealized thermodynamic cycle performed by a Carnot heat engine), illustrated on a TS (temperature T–entropy S) diagram. The cycle takes place between a hot reservoir at temperature T H and a cold reservoir at temperature T C. The vertical axis is the system temperature, the horizontal axis is the system entropy.
An illustration of several key components in a typical four-stroke engine. For a four-stroke engine, key parts of the engine include the crankshaft (purple), connecting rod (orange), one or more camshafts (red and blue), and valves. For a two-stroke engine, there may simply be an exhaust outlet and fuel inlet instead of a valve system.
67–82 PS (49–60 kW; 66–81 bhp) ASE ( DIN) The Perkins 4.236 is a diesel engine manufactured by Perkins Engines. First produced in 1964,over 70,000 were produced in the first three years, and production increased to 60,000 units per annum. The engine was both innovative (using direct injection) and reliable, becoming a worldwide sales ...
Forced induction. A turbocharger for a car engine. A supercharger (on top of a dark-grey inlet manifold) for a car engine. In an internal combustion engine, forced induction is where turbocharging or supercharging is used to increase the density of the intake air. Engines without forced induction are classified as naturally aspirated.
Volkswagen Transporter (T5) Volkswagen Routan (U.S. & Canada) The Volkswagen Transporter (T4), marketed in North America as the Volkswagen EuroVan, is a van produced by the German manufacturer Volkswagen Commercial Vehicles between 1990 and 2004, succeeding the Volkswagen Type 2 (T3) and superseded by the Volkswagen Transporter (T5) .
The wax thermostatic element was invented in 1934 by Sergius Vernet (1899–1968). [1] Its principal application is in automotive thermostats used in the engine cooling system. The first applications in the plumbing and heating industries were in Sweden (1970) and in Switzerland (1971). Wax thermostatic elements transform heat energy into ...