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Rationing for civilians has most often been instituted during wartime. For example, each person may be given "ration coupons" which allow them to purchase a certain amount of a product each month. Rationing often includes food and other necessities for which there is a shortage, including materials needed for the war effort such as rubber tires ...
Rationing in the United States. Ration stamps printed, but not used, as a result of the 1973 oil crisis. Rationing is the controlled distribution of scarce resources, goods, or services, or an artificial restriction of demand. Rationing controls the size of the ration, which is one person's allotted portion of the resources being distributed on ...
Coupon. In marketing, a coupon is a ticket or document that can be redeemed for a financial discount or rebate when purchasing a product. Customarily, coupons are issued by manufacturers of consumer packaged goods [1] or by retailers, to be used in retail stores as a part of sales promotions. They are often widely distributed through mail ...
Coupon (finance) In finance, a coupon is the interest payment received by a bondholder from the date of issuance until the date of maturity of a bond. [1] Coupons are normally described in terms of the "coupon rate", which is calculated by adding the sum of coupons paid per year and dividing it by the bond's face value. [2]
Civilian rationing: A shopkeeper cancels the coupons in a British housewife's ration book in 1943. Rationing was introduced temporarily by the British government several times during the 20th century, during and immediately after a war. [ 1 ][ 2 ] At the start of the Second World War in 1939, the United Kingdom was importing 20 million long ...
A business person may be willing to pay $300 for a seat on a high-demand morning flight with full refundability and the ability to upgrade to first class for a nominal fee. On the same flight, price-sensitive passengers may not be willing to pay $300 but are willing to fly on a lower-demand flight or via a connection city and forgo refundability.
Labour vouchers (also known as labour cheques, labour notes, labour certificates and personal credit) are a device proposed to govern demand for goods in some models of socialism and to replace some of the tasks performed by currency under capitalism.
Economics. Personnel economics has been defined as "the application of economic and mathematical approaches and econometric and statistical methods to traditional questions in human resources management". [1] It is an area of applied micro labor economics, but there are a few key distinctions.