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Therefore, closed-loop recycling may be considered part of environmental sustainability programs. [8] One goal of closed-loop recycling is to reuse materials in an identical role as before recycling. [3] [5] In contrast, open-loop recycling systems do not reclaim all of a resource. Whether by design or due to the physical and chemical ...
Circular economy. Appearance. hide. A circular economy (also referred to as circularity or CE) [ 1 ] is a model of resource production and consumption in any economy that involves sharing, leasing, reusing, repairing, refurbishing, and recycling existing materials and products for as long as possible. [ 2 ][ 3 ][ 4 ] The concept aims to tackle ...
Zero waste, or waste minimization, is a set of principles focused on waste prevention that encourages redesigning Natural resource resource life cycles so that all products are repurposed (i.e. “up-cycled”) and/or reused. The goal of the movement is to avoid sending trash to landfills, incinerators, oceans, or any other part of the environment.
Circular fashion is an application of circular economy to the fashion industry, where the life cycles of fashion products are extended. The aim is to create a closed-loop system where clothing items are designed, produced, used, and then recycled or repurposed in a way that minimizes waste and reduces the environmental impact of the fashion industry.
Cradle-to-cradle design (also referred to as 2CC2, C2C, cradle 2 cradle, or regenerative design) is a biomimetic approach to the design of products and systems that models human industry on nature's processes, where materials are viewed as nutrients circulating in healthy, safe metabolisms. The term itself is a play on the popular corporate ...
Circular procurement is an approach to government procurement that enables private and public authorities to play a role in supporting a transition to a circular economy by purchasing works, goods or services designed to create closed energy and material loops within supply chains while minimizing (or avoiding) the generation of waste and other negative impacts on the environment.
Closed-loop box reuse is the process by which packaging materials can be used and reused to minimize waste. Similar and overlapping terms commonly used are closed-loop recycling, returnable packaging, reusable packaging, sustainable supply chains and circular economy. Laws have been passed in Maine [6] and Oregon [7] to make it the ...
e. Industrial ecology (IE) is the study of material and energy flows through industrial systems. The global industrial economy can be modelled as a network of industrial processes that extract resources from the Earth and transform those resources into by-products, products and services which can be bought and sold to meet the needs of humanity.